Preamble power and CSI-RS configuration for a wireless device

ABSTRACT

A wireless device receives a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block. A control order for transmission of a preamble is received. A transmission power is determined for the preamble. The transmission power is based on: a received power value of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and a power offset value, in response to the wireless device configured with the CSI-RS; and a received power value of the SS/PBCH block and not based on the power offset value, in response to the wireless device not configured with CSI-RS. The preamble is transmitted based on the transmission power.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/972,056, filed May 4, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/501,505, filed May 4, 2017, which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present inventionare described herein with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting example sets of OFDM subcarriers as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example transmission time and receptiontime for two carriers in a carrier group as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting OFDM radio resources as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a base station and a wireless device as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram for a protocol structure withmulti-connectivity as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 7 is an example diagram for a protocol structure with CA and DC asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows example TAG configurations as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is an example message flow in a random access process in asecondary TAG as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are example diagrams for interfaces between a 5Gcore network (e.g. NGC) and base stations (e.g. gNB and eLTE eNB) as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 11C, FIG. 11D, FIG. 11E, and FIG. 11F areexample diagrams for architectures of tight interworking between 5G RAN(e.g. gNB) and LTE RAN (e.g. (e)LTE eNB) as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12A, FIG. 12B, and FIG. 12C are example diagrams for radio protocolstructures of tight interworking bearers as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are example diagrams for gNB deployment scenariosas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is an example diagram for functional split option examples ofthe centralized gNB deployment scenario as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B are example diagrams for a contention-basedfour-step RA procedure and contention free RA procedure as per an aspectof an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is an example diagram for a MAC PDU format as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17A, FIG. 17B, and FIG. 17C are example diagrams for MAC RARformats as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is an example diagram for different configurations of an SSBurst Set as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is an example diagram for a RACH Occasion, a RACH Burst and aRACH Burst Set as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 20A, FIG. 20B, and FIG. 20C are example diagrams for a TDM and FDMmapping of PRACH resources as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 21A and FIG. 21B are example diagrams for an association between SSblock and one or more CSI-RS s as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 22A and FIG. 22B are example diagrams for a mapping between beamspecific preambles to PRACH occasions as per an aspect of an embodimentof the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is an example diagram for a RA procedure with multi-beam as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B are example diagrams for a multiple preambletransmissions before RAR window as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 25 is an example diagram for a TRP transmitting IDLE mode RS withwide beams and CSI-RS narrow beams as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is an example diagram for a counter as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 is an example diagram for a counter as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 28 is an example diagram for a DELTA_PREAMBLE determined based onthe preamble format as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 29 is an example diagram for K_(PUSCH) as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 30A and FIG. 30B are example diagrams for δ_(PUSCH,c) as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 31 is an example diagram for δ_(PUCCH) as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 32 is an example diagram for δ_(PUCCH) as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 33 is an example diagram for dropping one or more preambletransmissions as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 34 is an example diagram for employing a power offset as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 35 is an example diagram for managing a counter as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 36 is an example diagram for employing a ramping power as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 37 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 38 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 39 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 40 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 41 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 42 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 43 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 44 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Example embodiments of the present invention enable operation of carrieraggregation. Embodiments of the technology disclosed herein may beemployed in the technical field of multicarrier communication systems.More particularly, the embodiments of the technology disclosed hereinmay relate to signal timing in a multicarrier communication systems.

The following Acronyms are used throughout the present disclosure:

ASIC application-specific integrated circuit

BPSK binary phase shift keying

CA carrier aggregation

CSI channel state information

CDMA code division multiple access

CSS common search space

CPLD complex programmable logic devices

CC component carrier

CP cyclic prefix

DL downlink

DCI downlink control information

DC dual connectivity

eMBB enhanced mobile broadband

EPC evolved packet core

E-UTRAN evolved-universal terrestrial radio access network

FPGA field programmable gate arrays

FDD frequency division multiplexing

HDL hardware description languages

HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request

IE information element

LTE long term evolution

MCG master cell group

MeNB master evolved node B

MIB master information block

MAC media access control

MAC media access control

MME mobility management entity

mMTC massive machine type communications

NAS non-access stratum

NR new radio

OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

PDCP packet data convergence protocol

PDU packet data unit

PHY physical

PDCCH physical downlink control channel

PHICH physical HARQ indicator channel

PUCCH physical uplink control channel

PUSCH physical uplink shared channel

PCell primary cell

PCell primary cell

PCC primary component carrier

PSCell primary secondary cell

pTAG primary timing advance group

QAM quadrature amplitude modulation

QPSK quadrature phase shift keying

RBG resource block groups

RLC radio link control

RRC radio resource control

RA random access

RB resource blocks

SCC secondary component carrier

SCell secondary cell

Scell secondary cells

SCG secondary cell group

SeNB secondary evolved node B

sTAGs secondary timing advance group

SDU service data unit

S-GW serving gateway

SRB signaling radio bearer

SC-OFDM single carrier-OFDM

SFN system frame number

SIB system information block

TAI tracking area identifier

TAT time alignment timer

TDD time division duplexing

TDMA time division multiple access

TA timing advance

TAG timing advance group

TTI transmission time interval

TB transport block

UL uplink

UE user equipment

URLLC ultra-reliable low-latency communications

VHDL VHSIC hardware description language

CU central unit

DU distributed unit

Fs-C Fs-control plane

Fs-U Fs-user plane

gNB next generation node B

NGC next generation core

NG CP next generation control plane core

NG-C NG-control plane

NG-U NG-user plane

NR new radio

NR MAC new radio MAC

NR PHY new radio physical

NR PDCP new radio PDCP

NR RLC new radio RLC

NR RRC new radio RRC

NSSAI network slice selection assistance information

PLMN public land mobile network

UPGW user plane gateway

Xn-C Xn-control plane

Xn-U Xn-user plane

Xx-C Xx-control plane

Xx-U Xx-user plane

Example embodiments of the invention may be implemented using variousphysical layer modulation and transmission mechanisms. Exampletransmission mechanisms may include, but are not limited to: CDMA, OFDM,TDMA, Wavelet technologies, and/or the like. Hybrid transmissionmechanisms such as TDMA/CDMA, and OFDM/CDMA may also be employed.Various modulation schemes may be applied for signal transmission in thephysical layer. Examples of modulation schemes include, but are notlimited to: phase, amplitude, code, a combination of these, and/or thelike. An example radio transmission method may implement QAM using BPSK,QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, and/or the like. Physical radiotransmission may be enhanced by dynamically or semi-dynamically changingthe modulation and coding scheme depending on transmission requirementsand radio conditions.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting example sets of OFDM subcarriers as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in thisexample, arrow(s) in the diagram may depict a subcarrier in amulticarrier OFDM system. The OFDM system may use technology such asOFDM technology, DFTS-OFDM, SC-OFDM technology, or the like. Forexample, arrow 101 shows a subcarrier transmitting information symbols.FIG. 1 is for illustration purposes, and a typical multicarrier OFDMsystem may include more subcarriers in a carrier. For example, thenumber of subcarriers in a carrier may be in the range of 10 to 10,000subcarriers. FIG. 1 shows two guard bands 106 and 107 in a transmissionband. As illustrated in FIG. 1, guard band 106 is between subcarriers103 and subcarriers 104. The example set of subcarriers A 102 includessubcarriers 103 and subcarriers 104. FIG. 1 also illustrates an exampleset of subcarriers B 105. As illustrated, there is no guard band betweenany two subcarriers in the example set of subcarriers B 105. Carriers ina multicarrier OFDM communication system may be contiguous carriers,non-contiguous carriers, or a combination of both contiguous andnon-contiguous carriers.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example transmission time and receptiontime for two carriers as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentinvention. A multicarrier OFDM communication system may include one ormore carriers, for example, ranging from 1 to 10 carriers. Carrier A 204and carrier B 205 may have the same or different timing structures.Although FIG. 2 shows two synchronized carriers, carrier A 204 andcarrier B 205 may or may not be synchronized with each other. Differentradio frame structures may be supported for FDD and TDD duplexmechanisms. FIG. 2 shows an example FDD frame timing. Downlink anduplink transmissions may be organized into radio frames 201. In thisexample, radio frame duration is 10 msec. Other frame durations, forexample, in the range of 1 to 100 msec may also be supported. In thisexample, each 10 ms radio frame 201 may be divided into ten equallysized subframes 202. Other subframe durations such as including 0.5msec, 1 msec, 2 msec, and 5 msec may also be supported. Subframe(s) mayconsist of two or more slots (e.g. slots 206 and 207). For the exampleof FDD, 10 subframes may be available for downlink transmission and 10subframes may be available for uplink transmissions in each 10 msinterval. Uplink and downlink transmissions may be separated in thefrequency domain. A slot may be 7 or 14 OFDM symbols for the samesubcarrier spacing of up to 60 kHz with normal CP. A slot may be 14 OFDMsymbols for the same subcarrier spacing higher than 60 kHz with normalCP. A slot may contain all downlink, all uplink, or a downlink part andan uplink part and/or alike. Slot aggregation may be supported, e.g.,data transmission may be scheduled to span one or multiple slots. In anexample, a mini-slot may start at an OFDM symbol in a subframe. Amini-slot may have a duration of one or more OFDM symbols. Slot(s) mayinclude a plurality of OFDM symbols 203. The number of OFDM symbols 203in a slot 206 may depend on the cyclic prefix length and subcarrierspacing.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting OFDM radio resources as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present invention. The resource grid structure intime 304 and frequency 305 is illustrated in FIG. 3. The quantity ofdownlink subcarriers or RBs may depend, at least in part, on thedownlink transmission bandwidth 306 configured in the cell. The smallestradio resource unit may be called a resource element (e.g. 301).Resource elements may be grouped into resource blocks (e.g. 302).Resource blocks may be grouped into larger radio resources calledResource Block Groups (RBG) (e.g. 303). The transmitted signal in slot206 may be described by one or several resource grids of a plurality ofsubcarriers and a plurality of OFDM symbols. Resource blocks may be usedto describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resourceelements. Other pre-defined groupings of physical resource elements maybe implemented in the system depending on the radio technology. Forexample, 24 subcarriers may be grouped as a radio block for a durationof 5 msec. In an illustrative example, a resource block may correspondto one slot in the time domain and 180 kHz in the frequency domain (for15 KHz subcarrier bandwidth and 12 subcarriers).

In an example embodiment, multiple numerologies may be supported. In anexample, a numerology may be derived by scaling a basic subcarrierspacing by an integer N. In an example, scalable numerology may allow atleast from 15 kHz to 480 kHz subcarrier spacing. The numerology with 15kHz and scaled numerology with different subcarrier spacing with thesame CP overhead may align at a symbol boundary every 1 ms in a NRcarrier.

FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present invention. FIG. 5A shows an example uplink physical channel.The baseband signal representing the physical uplink shared channel mayperform the following processes. These functions are illustrated asexamples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implementedin various embodiments. The functions may comprise scrambling,modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols, mappingof the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or severaltransmission layers, transform precoding to generate complex-valuedsymbols, precoding of the complex-valued symbols, mapping of precodedcomplex-valued symbols to resource elements, generation ofcomplex-valued time-domain DFTS-OFDM/SC-FDMA signal for each antennaport, and/or the like.

Example modulation and up-conversion to the carrier frequency of thecomplex-valued DFTS-OFDM/SC-FDMA baseband signal for each antenna portand/or the complex-valued PRACH baseband signal is shown in FIG. 5B.Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

An example structure for Downlink Transmissions is shown in FIG. 5C. Thebaseband signal representing a downlink physical channel may perform thefollowing processes. These functions are illustrated as examples and itis anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in variousembodiments. The functions include scrambling of coded bits in each ofthe codewords to be transmitted on a physical channel; modulation ofscrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols; mapping ofthe complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmissionlayers; precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on each layerfor transmission on the antenna ports; mapping of complex-valuedmodulation symbols for each antenna port to resource elements;generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for each antennaport, and/or the like.

Example modulation and up-conversion to the carrier frequency of thecomplex-valued OFDM baseband signal for each antenna port is shown inFIG. 5D. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

FIG. 4 is an example block diagram of a base station 401 and a wirelessdevice 406, as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention.A communication network 400 may include at least one base station 401and at least one wireless device 406. The base station 401 may includeat least one communication interface 402, at least one processor 403,and at least one set of program code instructions 405 stored innon-transitory memory 404 and executable by the at least one processor403. The wireless device 406 may include at least one communicationinterface 407, at least one processor 408, and at least one set ofprogram code instructions 410 stored in non-transitory memory 409 andexecutable by the at least one processor 408. Communication interface402 in base station 401 may be configured to engage in communicationwith communication interface 407 in wireless device 406 via acommunication path that includes at least one wireless link 411.Wireless link 411 may be a bi-directional link. Communication interface407 in wireless device 406 may also be configured to engage in acommunication with communication interface 402 in base station 401. Basestation 401 and wireless device 406 may be configured to send andreceive data over wireless link 411 using multiple frequency carriers.According to some of the various aspects of embodiments, transceiver(s)may be employed. A transceiver is a device that includes both atransmitter and receiver. Transceivers may be employed in devices suchas wireless devices, base stations, relay nodes, and/or the like.Example embodiments for radio technology implemented in communicationinterface 402, 407 and wireless link 411 are illustrated are FIG. 1,FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 5, and associated text.

An interface may be a hardware interface, a firmware interface, asoftware interface, and/or a combination thereof. The hardware interfacemay include connectors, wires, electronic devices such as drivers,amplifiers, and/or the like. A software interface may include codestored in a memory device to implement protocol(s), protocol layers,communication drivers, device drivers, combinations thereof, and/or thelike. A firmware interface may include a combination of embeddedhardware and code stored in and/or in communication with a memory deviceto implement connections, electronic device operations, protocol(s),protocol layers, communication drivers, device drivers, hardwareoperations, combinations thereof, and/or the like.

The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured mayalso refer to specific settings in a device that effect the operationalcharacteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational ornon-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware,registers, memory values, and/or the like may be “configured” within adevice, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state,to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “acontrol message to cause in a device” may mean that a control messagehas parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics inthe device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operationalstate.

According to some of the various aspects of embodiments, a 5G networkmay include a multitude of base stations, providing a user plane NRPDCP/NR RLC/NR MAC/NR PHY and control plane (NR RRC) protocolterminations towards the wireless device. The base station(s) may beinterconnected with other base station(s) (e.g. employing an Xninterface). The base stations may also be connected employing, forexample, an NG interface to an NGC. FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are examplediagrams for interfaces between a 5G core network (e.g. NGC) and basestations (e.g. gNB and eLTE eNB) as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present invention. For example, the base stations may beinterconnected to the NGC control plane (e.g. NG CP) employing the NG-Cinterface and to the NGC user plane (e.g. UPGW) employing the NG-Uinterface. The NG interface may support a many-to-many relation between5G core networks and base stations.

A base station may include many sectors for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6sectors. A base station may include many cells, for example, rangingfrom 1 to 50 cells or more. A cell may be categorized, for example, as aprimary cell or secondary cell. At RRC connectionestablishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell may providethe NAS (non-access stratum) mobility information (e.g. TAI), and at RRCconnection re-establishment/handover, one serving cell may provide thesecurity input. This cell may be referred to as the Primary Cell(PCell). In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may bethe Downlink Primary Component Carrier (DL PCC), while in the uplink, itmay be the Uplink Primary Component Carrier (UL PCC). Depending onwireless device capabilities, Secondary Cells (SCells) may be configuredto form together with the PCell a set of serving cells. In the downlink,the carrier corresponding to an SCell may be a Downlink SecondaryComponent Carrier (DL SCC), while in the uplink, it may be an UplinkSecondary Component Carrier (UL SCC). An SCell may or may not have anuplink carrier.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned a physical cell ID and a cell index. A carrier (downlinkor uplink) may belong to only one cell. The cell ID or Cell index mayalso identify the downlink carrier or uplink carrier of the cell(depending on the context it is used). In the specification, cell ID maybe equally referred to a carrier ID, and cell index may be referred tocarrier index. In implementation, the physical cell ID or cell index maybe assigned to a cell. A cell ID may be determined using asynchronization signal transmitted on a downlink carrier. A cell indexmay be determined using RRC messages. For example, when thespecification refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlinkcarrier, the specification may mean the first physical cell ID is for acell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same concept may applyto, for example, carrier activation. When the specification indicatesthat a first carrier is activated, the specification may equally meanthat the cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosedmechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example,in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, acombination of the above, and/or the like. Example criteria may bebased, at least in part, on for example, traffic load, initial systemset up, packet sizes, traffic characteristics, a combination of theabove, and/or the like. When the one or more criteria are met, variousexample embodiments may be applied. Therefore, it may be possible toimplement example embodiments that selectively implement disclosedprotocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices may support multiple technologies, and/or multiple releases ofthe same technology. Wireless devices may have some specificcapability(ies) depending on its wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). A base station may comprise multiple sectors. When thisdisclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality ofwireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the totalwireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, forexample, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G releasewith a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. Theplurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selectedplurality of wireless devices, and/or a subset of total wireless devicesin a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and/orthe like. There may be a plurality of wireless devices in a coveragearea that may not comply with the disclosed methods, for example,because those wireless devices perform based on older releases of LTE or5G technology.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are example diagrams for protocol structure with CAand multi-connectivity as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentinvention. NR may support multi-connectivity operation whereby amultiple RX/TX UE in RRC_CONNECTED may be configured to utilize radioresources provided by multiple schedulers located in multiple gNBsconnected via a non-ideal or ideal backhaul over the Xn interface. gNBsinvolved in multi-connectivity for a certain UE may assume two differentroles: a gNB may either act as a master gNB or as a secondary gNB. Inmulti-connectivity, a UE may be connected to one master gNB and one ormore secondary gNBs. FIG. 7 illustrates one example structure for the UEside MAC entities when a Master Cell Group (MCG) and a Secondary CellGroup (SCG) are configured, and it may not restrict implementation.Media Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) reception is not shown in thisfigure for simplicity.

In multi-connectivity, the radio protocol architecture that a particularbearer uses may depend on how the bearer is setup. Three alternativesmay exist, an MCG bearer, an SCG bearer and a split bearer as shown inFIG. 6. NR RRC may be located in master gNB and SRBs may be configuredas a MCG bearer type and may use the radio resources of the master gNB.Multi-connectivity may also be described as having at least one bearerconfigured to use radio resources provided by the secondary gNB.Multi-connectivity may or may not be configured/implemented in exampleembodiments of the invention.

In the case of multi-connectivity, the UE may be configured withmultiple NR MAC entities: one NR MAC entity for master gNB, and other NRMAC entities for secondary gNBs. In multi-connectivity, the configuredset of serving cells for a UE may comprise of two subsets: the MasterCell Group (MCG) containing the serving cells of the master gNB, and theSecondary Cell Groups (SCGs) containing the serving cells of thesecondary gNBs. For a SCG, one or more of the following may be applied:at least one cell in the SCG has a configured UL CC and one of them,named PSCell (or PCell of SCG, or sometimes called PCell), is configuredwith PUCCH resources; when the SCG is configured, there may be at leastone SCG bearer or one Split bearer; upon detection of a physical layerproblem or a random access problem on a PSCell, or the maximum number ofNR RLC retransmissions has been reached associated with the SCG, or upondetection of an access problem on a PSCell during a SCG addition or aSCG change: a RRC connection re-establishment procedure may not betriggered, UL transmissions towards cells of the SCG are stopped, amaster gNB may be informed by the UE of a SCG failure type, for splitbearer, the DL data transfer over the master gNB is maintained; the NRRLC AM bearer may be configured for the split bearer; like PCell, PSCellmay not be de-activated; PSCell may be changed with a SCG change (e.g.with security key change and a RACH procedure); and/or a direct bearertype change between a Split bearer and a SCG bearer or simultaneousconfiguration of a SCG and a Split bearer may or may not supported.

With respect to the interaction between a master gNB and secondary gNBsfor multi-connectivity, one or more of the following principles may beapplied: the master gNB may maintain the RRM measurement configurationof the UE and may, (e.g, based on received measurement reports ortraffic conditions or bearer types), decide to ask a secondary gNB toprovide additional resources (serving cells) for a UE; upon receiving arequest from the master gNB, a secondary gNB may create a container thatmay result in the configuration of additional serving cells for the UE(or decide that it has no resource available to do so); for UEcapability coordination, the master gNB may provide (part of) the ASconfiguration and the UE capabilities to the secondary gNB; the mastergNB and the secondary gNB may exchange information about a UEconfiguration by employing of NR RRC containers (inter-node messages)carried in Xn messages; the secondary gNB may initiate a reconfigurationof its existing serving cells (e.g., PUCCH towards the secondary gNB);the secondary gNB may decide which cell is the PSCell within the SCG;the master gNB may or may not change the content of the NR RRCconfiguration provided by the secondary gNB; in the case of a SCGaddition and a SCG SCell addition, the master gNB may provide the latestmeasurement results for the SCG cell(s); both a master gNB and secondarygNBs may know the SFN and subframe offset of each other by OAM, (e.g.,for the purpose of DRX alignment and identification of a measurementgap). In an example, when adding a new SCG SCell, dedicated NR RRCsignaling may be used for sending required system information of thecell as for CA, except for the SFN acquired from a MIB of the PSCell ofa SCG.

In an example, serving cells may be grouped in a TA group (TAG). Servingcells in one TAG may use the same timing reference. For a given TAG,user equipment (UE) may use at least one downlink carrier as a timingreference. For a given TAG, a UE may synchronize uplink subframe andframe transmission timing of uplink carriers belonging to the same TAG.In an example, serving cells having an uplink to which the same TAapplies may correspond to serving cells hosted by the same receiver. AUE supporting multiple TAs may support two or more TA groups. One TAgroup may contain the PCell and may be called a primary TAG (pTAG). In amultiple TAG configuration, at least one TA group may not contain thePCell and may be called a secondary TAG (sTAG). In an example, carrierswithin the same TA group may use the same TA value and/or the sametiming reference. When DC is configured, cells belonging to a cell group(MCG or SCG) may be grouped into multiple TAGs including a pTAG and oneor more sTAGs.

FIG. 8 shows example TAG configurations as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present invention. In Example 1, pTAG comprises PCell,and an sTAG comprises SCell1. In Example 2, a pTAG comprises a PCell andSCell1, and an sTAG comprises SCell2 and SCell3. In Example 3, pTAGcomprises PCell and SCell1, and an sTAG1 includes SCell2 and SCell3, andsTAG2 comprises SCell4. Up to four TAGs may be supported in a cell group(MCG or SCG) and other example TAG configurations may also be provided.In various examples in this disclosure, example mechanisms are describedfor a pTAG and an sTAG. Some of the example mechanisms may be applied toconfigurations with multiple sTAGs.

In an example, an eNB may initiate an RA procedure via a PDCCH order foran activated SCell. This PDCCH order may be sent on a scheduling cell ofthis SCell. When cross carrier scheduling is configured for a cell, thescheduling cell may be different than the cell that is employed forpreamble transmission, and the PDCCH order may include an SCell index.At least a non-contention based RA procedure may be supported forSCell(s) assigned to sTAG(s).

FIG. 9 is an example message flow in a random access process in asecondary TAG as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentinvention. An eNB transmits an activation command 600 to activate anSCell. A preamble 602 (Msg1) may be sent by a UE in response to a PDCCHorder 601 on an SCell belonging to an sTAG. In an example embodiment,preamble transmission for SCells may be controlled by the network usingPDCCH format 1A. Msg2 message 603 (RAR: random access response) inresponse to the preamble transmission on the SCell may be addressed toRA-RNTI in a PCell common search space (CSS). Uplink packets 604 may betransmitted on the SCell in which the preamble was transmitted.

According to some of the various aspects of embodiments, initial timingalignment may be achieved through a random access procedure. This mayinvolve a UE transmitting a random access preamble and an eNB respondingwith an initial TA command NTA (amount of timing advance) within arandom access response window. The start of the random access preamblemay be aligned with the start of a corresponding uplink subframe at theUE assuming NTA=0. The eNB may estimate the uplink timing from therandom access preamble transmitted by the UE. The TA command may bederived by the eNB based on the estimation of the difference between thedesired UL timing and the actual UL timing. The UE may determine theinitial uplink transmission timing relative to the correspondingdownlink of the sTAG on which the preamble is transmitted.

The mapping of a serving cell to a TAG may be configured by a servingeNB with RRC signaling. The mechanism for TAG configuration andreconfiguration may be based on RRC signaling. According to some of thevarious aspects of embodiments, when an eNB performs an SCell additionconfiguration, the related TAG configuration may be configured for theSCell. In an example embodiment, an eNB may modify the TAG configurationof an SCell by removing (releasing) the SCell and adding (configuring) anew SCell (with the same physical cell ID and frequency) with an updatedTAG ID. The new SCell with the updated TAG ID may initially be inactivesubsequent to being assigned the updated TAG ID. The eNB may activatethe updated new SCell and start scheduling packets on the activatedSCell. In an example implementation, it may not be possible to changethe TAG associated with an SCell, but rather, the SCell may need to beremoved and a new SCell may need to be added with another TAG. Forexample, if there is a need to move an SCell from an sTAG to a pTAG, atleast one RRC message, for example, at least one RRC reconfigurationmessage, may be send to the UE to reconfigure TAG configurations byreleasing the SCell and then configuring the SCell as a part of the pTAG(when an SCell is added/configured without a TAG index, the SCell may beexplicitly assigned to the pTAG). The PCell may not change its TA groupand may be a member of the pTAG.

The purpose of an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure may be tomodify an RRC connection, (e.g. to establish, modify and/or release RBs,to perform handover, to setup, modify, and/or release measurements, toadd, modify, and/or release SCells). If the received RRC ConnectionReconfiguration message includes the sCellToReleaseList, the UE mayperform an SCell release. If the received RRC Connection Reconfigurationmessage includes the sCellToAddModList, the UE may perform SCelladditions or modification.

In LTE Release-10 and Release-11 CA, a PUCCH is only transmitted on thePCell (PSCell) to an eNB. In LTE-Release 12 and earlier, a UE maytransmit PUCCH information on one cell (PCell or PSCell) to a given eNB.

As the number of CA capable UEs and also the number of aggregatedcarriers increase, the number of PUCCHs and also the PUCCH payload sizemay increase. Accommodating the PUCCH transmissions on the PCell maylead to a high PUCCH load on the PCell. A PUCCH on an SCell may beintroduced to offload the PUCCH resource from the PCell. More than onePUCCH may be configured for example, a PUCCH on a PCell and anotherPUCCH on an SCell. In the example embodiments, one, two or more cellsmay be configured with PUCCH resources for transmitting CSI/ACK/NACK toa base station. Cells may be grouped into multiple PUCCH groups, and oneor more cell within a group may be configured with a PUCCH. In anexample configuration, one SCell may belong to one PUCCH group. SCellswith a configured PUCCH transmitted to a base station may be called aPUCCH SCell, and a cell group with a common PUCCH resource transmittedto the same base station may be called a PUCCH group.

In an example embodiment, a MAC entity may have a configurable timertimeAlignmentTimer per TAG. The timeAlignmentTimer may be used tocontrol how long the MAC entity considers the Serving Cells belonging tothe associated TAG to be uplink time aligned. The MAC entity may, when aTiming Advance Command MAC control element is received, apply the TimingAdvance Command for the indicated TAG; start or restart thetimeAlignmentTimer associated with the indicated TAG. The MAC entitymay, when a Timing Advance Command is received in a Random AccessResponse message for a serving cell belonging to a TAG and/or if theRandom Access Preamble was not selected by the MAC entity, apply theTiming Advance Command for this TAG and start or restart thetimeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAG. Otherwise, if thetimeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAG is not running, the TimingAdvance Command for this TAG may be applied and the timeAlignmentTimerassociated with this TAG started. When the contention resolution isconsidered not successful, a timeAlignmentTimer associated with this TAGmay be stopped. Otherwise, the MAC entity may ignore the received TimingAdvance Command.

In example embodiments, a timer is running once it is started, until itis stopped or until it expires; otherwise it may not be running. A timercan be started if it is not running or restarted if it is running. Forexample, a timer may be started or restarted from its initial value.

Example embodiments of the invention may enable operation ofmulti-carrier communications. Other example embodiments may comprise anon-transitory tangible computer readable media comprising instructionsexecutable by one or more processors to cause operation of multi-carriercommunications. Yet other example embodiments may comprise an article ofmanufacture that comprises a non-transitory tangible computer readablemachine-accessible medium having instructions encoded thereon forenabling programmable hardware to cause a device (e.g. wirelesscommunicator, UE, base station, etc.) to enable operation ofmulti-carrier communications. The device may include processors, memory,interfaces, and/or the like. Other example embodiments may comprisecommunication networks comprising devices such as base stations,wireless devices (or user equipment: UE), servers, switches, antennas,and/or the like.

FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 11C, FIG. 11D, FIG. 11E, and FIG. 11F areexample diagrams for architectures of tight interworking between 5G RANand LTE RAN as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention.The tight interworking may enable a multiple RX/TX UE in RRC_CONNECTEDto be configured to utilize radio resources provided by two schedulerslocated in two base stations (e.g. (e)LTE eNB and gNB) connected via anon-ideal or ideal backhaul over the Xx interface between LTE eNB andgNB or the Xn interface between eLTE eNB and gNB. Base stations involvedin tight interworking for a certain UE may assume two different roles: abase station may either act as a master base station or as a secondarybase station. In tight interworking, a UE may be connected to one masterbase station and one secondary base station. Mechanisms implemented intight interworking may be extended to cover more than two base stations.

In FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B, a master base station may be an LTE eNB, whichmay be connected to EPC nodes (e.g. to an MME via the S1-C interface andto an S-GW via the S1-U interface), and a secondary base station may bea gNB, which may be a non-standalone node having a control planeconnection via an Xx-C interface to an LTE eNB. In the tightinterworking architecture of FIG. 11A, a user plane for a gNB may beconnected to an S-GW through an LTE eNB via an Xx-U interface betweenLTE eNB and gNB and an S1-U interface between LTE eNB and S-GW. In thearchitecture of FIG. 11B, a user plane for a gNB may be connecteddirectly to an S-GW via an S1-U interface between gNB and S-GW.

In FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D, a master base station may be a gNB, which maybe connected to NGC nodes (e.g. to a control plane core node via theNG-C interface and to a user plane core node via the NG-U interface),and a secondary base station may be an eLTE eNB, which may be anon-standalone node having a control plane connection via an Xn-Cinterface to a gNB. In the tight interworking architecture of FIG. 11C,a user plane for an eLTE eNB may be connected to a user plane core nodethrough a gNB via an Xn-U interface between eLTE eNB and gNB and an NG-Uinterface between gNB and user plane core node. In the architecture ofFIG. 11D, a user plane for an eLTE eNB may be connected directly to auser plane core node via an NG-U interface between eLTE eNB and userplane core node.

In FIG. 11E and FIG. 11F, a master base station may be an eLTE eNB,which may be connected to NGC nodes (e.g. to a control plane core nodevia the NG-C interface and to a user plane core node via the NG-Uinterface), and a secondary base station may be a gNB, which may be anon-standalone node having a control plane connection via an Xn-Cinterface to an eLTE eNB. In the tight interworking architecture of FIG.11E, a user plane for a gNB may be connected to a user plane core nodethrough an eLTE eNB via an Xn-U interface between eLTE eNB and gNB andan NG-U interface between eLTE eNB and user plane core node. In thearchitecture of FIG. 11F, a user plane for a gNB may be connecteddirectly to a user plane core node via an NG-U interface between gNB anduser plane core node.

FIG. 12A, FIG. 12B, and FIG. 12C are example diagrams for radio protocolstructures of tight interworking bearers as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 12A, an LTE eNB may be amaster base station, and a gNB may be a secondary base station. In FIG.12B, a gNB may be a master base station, and an eLTE eNB may be asecondary base station. In FIG. 12C, an eLTE eNB may be a master basestation, and a gNB may be a secondary base station. In 5G network, theradio protocol architecture that a particular bearer uses may depend onhow the bearer is setup. Three alternatives may exist, an MCG bearer, anSCG bearer, and a split bearer as shown in FIG. 12A, FIG. 12B, and FIG.12C. NR RRC may be located in master base station, and SRBs may beconfigured as an MCG bearer type and may use the radio resources of themaster base station. Tight interworking may also be described as havingat least one bearer configured to use radio resources provided by thesecondary base station. Tight interworking may or may not beconfigured/implemented in example embodiments of the invention.

In the case of tight interworking, the UE may be configured with two MACentities: one MAC entity for master base station, and one MAC entity forsecondary base station. In tight interworking, the configured set ofserving cells for a UE may comprise of two subsets: the Master CellGroup (MCG) containing the serving cells of the master base station, andthe Secondary Cell Group (SCG) containing the serving cells of thesecondary base station. For a SCG, one or more of the following may beapplied: at least one cell in the SCG has a configured UL CC and one ofthem, named PSCell (or PCell of SCG, or sometimes called PCell), isconfigured with PUCCH resources; when the SCG is configured, there maybe at least one SCG bearer or one split bearer; upon detection of aphysical layer problem or a random access problem on a PSCell, or themaximum number of (NR) RLC retransmissions has been reached associatedwith the SCG, or upon detection of an access problem on a PSCell duringa SCG addition or a SCG change: a RRC connection re-establishmentprocedure may not be triggered, UL transmissions towards cells of theSCG are stopped, a master base station may be informed by the UE of aSCG failure type, for split bearer, the DL data transfer over the masterbase station is maintained; the RLC AM bearer may be configured for thesplit bearer; like PCell, PSCell may not be de-activated; PSCell may bechanged with a SCG change (e.g. with security key change and a RACHprocedure); and/or neither a direct bearer type change between a Splitbearer and a SCG bearer nor simultaneous configuration of a SCG and aSplit bearer are supported.

With respect to the interaction between a master base station and asecondary base station, one or more of the following principles may beapplied: the master base station may maintain the RRM measurementconfiguration of the UE and may, (e.g, based on received measurementreports, traffic conditions, or bearer types), decide to ask a secondarybase station to provide additional resources (serving cells) for a UE;upon receiving a request from the master base station, a secondary basestation may create a container that may result in the configuration ofadditional serving cells for the UE (or decide that it has no resourceavailable to do so); for UE capability coordination, the master basestation may provide (part of) the AS configuration and the UEcapabilities to the secondary base station; the master base station andthe secondary base station may exchange information about a UEconfiguration by employing of RRC containers (inter-node messages)carried in Xn or Xx messages; the secondary base station may initiate areconfiguration of its existing serving cells (e.g., PUCCH towards thesecondary base station); the secondary base station may decide whichcell is the PSCell within the SCG; the master base station may notchange the content of the RRC configuration provided by the secondarybase station; in the case of a SCG addition and a SCG SCell addition,the master base station may provide the latest measurement results forthe SCG cell(s); both a master base station and a secondary base stationmay know the SFN and subframe offset of each other by OAM, (e.g., forthe purpose of DRX alignment and identification of a measurement gap).In an example, when adding a new SCG SCell, dedicated RRC signaling maybe used for sending required system information of the cell as for CA,except for the SFN acquired from a MIB of the PSCell of a SCG.

FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are example diagrams for gNB deployment scenariosas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention. In thenon-centralized deployment scenario in FIG. 13A, the full protocol stack(e.g. NR RRC, NR PDCP, NR RLC, NR MAC, and NR PHY) may be supported atone node. In the centralized deployment scenario in FIG. 13B, upperlayers of gNB may be located in a Central Unit (CU), and lower layers ofgNB may be located in Distributed Units (DU). The CU-DU interface (e.g.Fs interface) connecting CU and DU may be ideal or non-ideal. Fs-C mayprovide a control plane connection over Fs interface, and Fs-U mayprovide a user plane connection over Fs interface. In the centralizeddeployment, different functional split options between CU and DUs may bepossible by locating different protocol layers (RAN functions) in CU andDU. The functional split may support flexibility to move RAN functionsbetween CU and DU depending on service requirements and/or networkenvironments. The functional split option may change during operationafter Fs interface setup procedure, or may change only in Fs setupprocedure (i.e. static during operation after Fs setup procedure).

FIG. 14 is an example diagram for different functional split optionexamples of the centralized gNB deployment scenario as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present invention. In the split option example 1,an NR RRC may be in CU, and NR PDCP, NR RLC, NR MAC, NR PHY, and RF maybe in DU. In the split option example 2, an NR RRC and NR PDCP may be inCU, and NR RLC, NR MAC, NR PHY, and RF may be in DU. In the split optionexample 3, an NR RRC, NR PDCP, and partial function of NR RLC may be inCU, and the other partial function of NR RLC, NR MAC, NR PHY, and RF maybe in DU. In the split option example 4, an NR RRC, NR PDCP, and NR RLCmay be in CU, and NR MAC, NR PHY, and RF may be in DU. In the splitoption example 5, an NR RRC, NR PDCP, NR RLC, and partial function of NRMAC may be in CU, and the other partial function of NR MAC, NR PHY, andRF may be in DU. In the split option example 6, an NR RRC, NR PDCP, NRRLC, and NR MAC may be in CU, and NR PHY and RF may be in DU. In thesplit option example 7, an NR RRC, NR PDCP, NR RLC, NR MAC, and partialfunction of NR PHY may be in CU, and the other partial function of NRPHY and RF may be in DU. In the split option example 8, an NR RRC, NRPDCP, NR RLC, NR MAC, and NR PHY may be in CU, and RF may be in DU.

The functional split may be configured per CU, per DU, per UE, perbearer, per slice, or with other granularities. In per CU split, a CUmay have a fixed split, and DUs may be configured to match the splitoption of CU. In per DU split, each DU may be configured with adifferent split, and a CU may provide different split options fordifferent DUs. In per UE split, a gNB (CU and DU) may provide differentsplit options for different UEs. In per bearer split, different splitoptions may be utilized for different bearer types. In per slice splice,different split options may be applied for different slices.

In an example embodiment, the new radio access network (new RAN) maysupport different network slices, which may allow differentiatedtreatment customized to support different service requirements with endto end scope. The new RAN may provide a differentiated handling oftraffic for different network slices that may be pre-configured, and mayallow a single RAN node to support multiple slices. The new RAN maysupport selection of a RAN part for a given network slice, by one ormore slice ID(s) or NSSAI(s) provided by a UE or a NGC (e.g. NG CP). Theslice ID(s) or NSSAI(s) may identify one or more of pre-configurednetwork slices in a PLMN. For initial attach, a UE may provide a sliceID and/or an NSSAI, and a RAN node (e.g. gNB) may use the slice ID orthe NSSAI for routing an initial NAS signaling to an NGC control planefunction (e.g. NG CP). If a UE does not provide any slice ID or NSSAI, aRAN node may send a NAS signaling to a default NGC control planefunction. For subsequent accesses, the UE may provide a temporary ID fora slice identification, which may be assigned by the NGC control planefunction, to enable a RAN node to route the NAS message to a relevantNGC control plane function. The new RAN may support resource isolationbetween slices. The RAN resource isolation may be achieved by avoidingthat shortage of shared resources in one slice breaks a service levelagreement for another slice.

The amount of data traffic carried over cellular networks is expected toincrease for many years to come. The number of users/devices isincreasing and each user/device accesses an increasing number andvariety of services, e.g. video delivery, large files, images. Thisrequires not only high capacity in the network, but also provisioningvery high data rates to meet customers' expectations on interactivityand responsiveness. More spectrum is therefore needed for cellularoperators to meet the increasing demand. Considering user expectationsof high data rates along with seamless mobility, it is beneficial thatmore spectrum be made available for deploying macro cells as well assmall cells for cellular systems.

Striving to meet the market demands, there has been increasing interestfrom operators in deploying some complementary access utilizingunlicensed spectrum to meet the traffic growth. This is exemplified bythe large number of operator-deployed Wi-Fi networks and the 3GPPstandardization of LTE/WLAN interworking solutions. This interestindicates that unlicensed spectrum, when present, can be an effectivecomplement to licensed spectrum for cellular operators to helpaddressing the traffic explosion in some scenarios, such as hotspotareas. LAA offers an alternative for operators to make use of unlicensedspectrum while managing one radio network, thus offering newpossibilities for optimizing the network's efficiency.

In an example embodiment, Listen-before-talk (clear channel assessment)may be implemented for transmission in an LAA cell. In alisten-before-talk (LBT) procedure, equipment may apply a clear channelassessment (CCA) check before using the channel. For example, the CCAutilizes at least energy detection to determine the presence or absenceof other signals on a channel in order to determine if a channel isoccupied or clear, respectively. For example, European and Japaneseregulations mandate the usage of LBT in the unlicensed bands. Apart fromregulatory requirements, carrier sensing via LBT may be one way for fairsharing of the unlicensed spectrum.

In an example embodiment, discontinuous transmission on an unlicensedcarrier with limited maximum transmission duration may be enabled. Someof these functions may be supported by one or more signals to betransmitted from the beginning of a discontinuous LAA downlinktransmission. Channel reservation may be enabled by the transmission ofsignals, by an LAA node, after gaining channel access via a successfulLBT operation, so that other nodes that receive the transmitted signalwith energy above a certain threshold sense the channel to be occupied.Functions that may need to be supported by one or more signals for LAAoperation with discontinuous downlink transmission may include one ormore of the following: detection of the LAA downlink transmission(including cell identification) by UEs; time & frequency synchronizationof UEs.

In an example embodiment, DL LAA design may employ subframe boundaryalignment according to LTE-A carrier aggregation timing relationshipsacross serving cells aggregated by CA. This may not imply that the eNBtransmissions can start only at the subframe boundary. LAA may supporttransmitting PDSCH when not all OFDM symbols are available fortransmission in a subframe according to LBT. Delivery of necessarycontrol information for the PDSCH may also be supported.

LBT procedure may be employed for fair and friendly coexistence of LAAwith other operators and technologies operating in unlicensed spectrum.LBT procedures on a node attempting to transmit on a carrier inunlicensed spectrum require the node to perform a clear channelassessment to determine if the channel is free for use. An LBT proceduremay involve at least energy detection to determine if the channel isbeing used. For example, regulatory requirements in some regions, e.g.,in Europe, specify an energy detection threshold such that if a nodereceives energy greater than this threshold, the node assumes that thechannel is not free. While nodes may follow such regulatoryrequirements, a node may optionally use a lower threshold for energydetection than that specified by regulatory requirements. In an example,LAA may employ a mechanism to adaptively change the energy detectionthreshold, e.g., LAA may employ a mechanism to adaptively lower theenergy detection threshold from an upper bound. Adaptation mechanism maynot preclude static or semi-static setting of the threshold. In anexample Category 4 LBT mechanism or other type of LBT mechanisms may beimplemented.

Various example LBT mechanisms may be implemented. In an example, forsome signals, in some implementation scenarios, in some situations,and/or in some frequencies no LBT procedure may performed by thetransmitting entity. In an example, Category 2 (e.g. LBT without randomback-off) may be implemented. The duration of time that the channel issensed to be idle before the transmitting entity transmits may bedeterministic. In an example, Category 3 (e.g. LBT with random back-offwith a contention window of fixed size) may be implemented. The LBTprocedure may have the following procedure as one of its components. Thetransmitting entity may draw a random number N within a contentionwindow. The size of the contention window may be specified by theminimum and maximum value of N. The size of the contention window may befixed. The random number N may be employed in the LBT procedure todetermine the duration of time that the channel is sensed to be idlebefore the transmitting entity transmits on the channel. In an example,Category 4 (e.g. LBT with random back-off with a contention window ofvariable size) may be implemented. The transmitting entity may draw arandom number N within a contention window. The size of contentionwindow may be specified by the minimum and maximum value of N. Thetransmitting entity may vary the size of the contention window whendrawing the random number N. The random number N is used in the LBTprocedure to determine the duration of time that the channel is sensedto be idle before the transmitting entity transmits on the channel.

LAA may employ uplink LBT at the UE. The UL LBT scheme may be differentfrom the DL LBT scheme (e.g. by using different LBT mechanisms orparameters) for example, since the LAA UL is based on scheduled accesswhich affects a UE's channel contention opportunities. Otherconsiderations motivating a different UL LBT scheme include, but are notlimited to, multiplexing of multiple UEs in a single subframe.

In an example, a DL transmission burst may be a continuous transmissionfrom a DL transmitting node with no transmission immediately before orafter from the same node on the same CC. An UL transmission burst from aUE perspective may be a continuous transmission from a UE with notransmission immediately before or after from the same UE on the sameCC. In an example, UL transmission burst is defined from a UEperspective. In an example, an UL transmission burst may be defined froman eNB perspective. In an example, in case of an eNB operating DL+UL LAAover the same unlicensed carrier, DL transmission burst(s) and ULtransmission burst(s) on LAA may be scheduled in a TDM manner over thesame unlicensed carrier. For example, an instant in time may be part ofa DL transmission burst or an UL transmission burst.

A four-step random access (RA) procedure may comprise RA preamble (RAP)transmission in the first step, random access response (RAR)transmission in the second step, scheduled transmission of one or moretransport blocks (TBs) in the third step, and contention resolution inthe fourth step as illustrated in FIG. 15A. For contention-free RA, thefirst two steps, the RAP and RAR transmissions, may be implemented.Contention resolution may not be implemented due to a dedicated RApreamble as illustrated in FIG. 15B.

In the first step, a wireless device may transmit a RAP using aconfigured RA preamble format with a single particular Tx beam. RAchannel (RACH) resource may be defined as a time-frequency resource totransmit a RAP. Broadcast system information may inform whether awireless device needs to transmit one or multiple/repeated preamblewithin a subset of RACH resources.

A base station may configure an association between DL signal/channel,and a subset of RACH resources and/or a subset of RAP indices, fordetermining the downlink (DL) transmission in the second step. Based onthe DL measurement and the corresponding association, a wireless devicemay select the subset of RACH resources and/or the subset of RAPindices. In an example, there may be two RAP groups informed bybroadcast system information and one may be optional. If a base stationconfigures the two groups in the four-step RA procedure, a wirelessdevice may use a size of the message transmitted by the wireless devicein the third step and the pathloss to determine which group the wirelessdevice selects a RAP. A base station may use a group type to which a RAPbelongs as an indication of the message size in the third step and theradio conditions at a wireless device. A base station may broadcast theRAP grouping information along with one or more thresholds on systeminformation.

If a UE has been requested to perform a contention-free RA, for examplefor handover to a new cell, the preamble to use may be explicitlyindicated from the base station. To avoid collisions, the base stationmay select the contention-free preamble from sequences outside the twosubsets used for contention-based random access.

In the second step of the four-step RA procedure, a base station maytransmit a RA response (RAR) to the wireless device in response toreception of a RAP that the wireless device transmits. A wireless devicemay monitor the physical-layer downlink control channel for RARsidentified by the RA-RNTI in a RA Response window which may starts atthe subframe that contains the end of a RAP transmission plus threesubframes and has length ra-ResponseWindowSize. A wireless device maycompute the RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH in which the wirelessdevice transmits a RAP as:RA-RNTI=1+t_id+10*f_idwhere t_id is the index of the first subframe of the specified PRACH(0≤t_id<10), and f_id is the index of the specified PRACH within thatsubframe, in ascending order of frequency domain (0≤f_id<6) except forNB-IoT UEs, BL UEs or UEs in enhanced coverage. In an example, differenttypes of UEs, e.g. NB-IoT, BL-UE, and/or a UE in enhanced coverage mayemploy different formulas for RA-RNTI calculations.

For BL UEs and UEs in enhanced coverage, RA-RNTI associated with thePRACH in which the Random Access Preamble is transmitted, may becomputed as:RA-RNTI=1+t_id+10*f_id+60*(SFN_id mod(W max/10))where t_id is the index of the first subframe of the specified PRACH(0≤t_id<10), f_id is the index of the specified PRACH within thatsubframe, in ascending order of frequency domain (0≤f_id<6), SFN_id isthe index of the first radio frame of the specified PRACH, and Wmax is400, maximum possible RAR window size in subframes for BL UEs or UEs inenhanced coverage.

For NB-IoT UEs, the RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH in which theRandom Access Preamble is transmitted, may be computed as:RA-RNTI=1+floor(SFN_id/4)where SFN_id is the index of the first radio frame of the specifiedPRACH.

A wireless device may stop monitoring for RAR(s) after decoding of a MACpacket data unit (PDU) for RAR comprising a RAP identifier (RAPID) thatmatches the RAP transmitted by the wireless device. The MAC PDU maycomprise one or more MAC RARs and a MAC header that may comprise asubheader having a backoff indicator (BI) and one or more subheader thatcomprises RAPIDs. FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a MAC PDU comprisinga MAC header and MAC RARs for four-step RA procedure. If a RAR comprisesa RAPID corresponding to a RAP that a wireless device transmits, thewireless device may process the data, such as a timing advance (TA)command, a UL grant, and a Temporary C-RNTI (TC-RNTI), in the RAR.

FIG. 17A, FIG. 17B, and FIG. 17C illustrate examples of MAC RARcomprising a timing advanced command, a UL grant, and a TC-RNTI.

If contention-free random access using a dedicated preamble is used,then this second step may be the last step of RA procedure. There may beno need to handle contention and/or the UE already may have a uniqueidentity allocated in the form of a C-RNTI.

In the third step of the four-step RA procedure, a wireless may adjustUL time alignment by using the TA value corresponding to the TA commandin the received RAR in the second step and may transmit the one or moreTBs to a base station using the UL resources assigned in the UL grant inthe received RAR. The TBs that a wireless device transmits in the thirdstep may comprise RRC signaling, such as RRC connection request, RRCconnection Re-establishment request, or RRC connection resume request,and a wireless device identity, as the identity is used as part of thecontention-resolution mechanism in the fourth step.

The fourth step in the four-step RA procedure may comprise a DL messagefor contention resolution. From the second step, one or more wirelessdevices may perform simultaneous RA attempts using the same RAP in thefirst step, receive the same RAR with the same TC-RNTI in the secondstep. The contention resolution in the fourth step may be to ensure thata wireless device does not incorrectly use another wireless deviceIdentity. The contention resolution mechanism may be based on eitherC-RNTI on PDCCH or Contention Resolution Identity on DL-SCH depending onwhether a wireless device has a C-RNTI or not. If a wireless device hasC-RNTI, upon detection of C-RNTI on the PDCCH, the wireless device maydetermine the success of RA procedure. If a wireless device does nothave C-RNTI pre-assigned, the wireless device may monitor DL-SCHassociated with TC-RNTI that a base station transmits in a RAR of thesecond step and compare the identity in the data transmitted by the basestation on DL-SCH in the fourth step with the identity that the wirelessdevice transmits in the third step. If the two identities are identical,the wireless device may determine the success of RA procedure andpromote the TC-RNTI to the C-RNTI. The forth step in the four-step RAprocedure may allow HARQ retransmission. A wireless device may startmac-ContentionResolutionTimer when the wireless device transmits one ormore TBs to a base station in the third step and may restartmac-ContentionResolutionTimer at a HARQ retransmission. When a wirelessdevice receives data on the DL resources identified by C-RNTI or TC-RNTIin the fourth step, the wireless device may stop themac-ContentionResolutionTimer. If the wireless device does not detectthe contention resolution identity that matches to the identitytransmitted by the wireless device in the third step, the wirelessdevice may determine the failure of RA procedure and discard theTC-RNTI. If mac-ContentionResolutionTimer expires, the wireless devicemay determine the failure of RA procedure and discard the TC-RNTI. Ifthe contention resolution is failed, a wireless device may flush theHARQ buffer used for transmission of the MAC PDU and may restart thefour-step RA procedure from the first step. The wireless device maydelay the subsequent RAP transmission by the backoff time randomlyselected according to a uniform distribution between 0 and the backoffparameter value corresponding the BI in the MAC PDU for RAR.

In a four-step RA procedure, the usage of the first two steps may be toobtain UL time alignment for a wireless device and obtain an uplinkgrant. The UL time alignment may not be necessary in one or morescenarios. For example, in small cells or for stationary wirelessdevices, the process for acquiring the UL time alignment may not benecessary if either a TA equal to zero may be sufficient (e.g., smallcells) or a stored TA value from the last RA may serve for the currentRA (stationary wireless device). For the case that a wireless device maybe in RRC connected with a valid TA value and no resource configured forUL transmission, the UL time alignment may not be necessary when thewireless device needs to obtain an UL grant.

A NR (New Radio) may support both single beam and multi-beam operations.In a multi-beam system, gNB may need a downlink beam sweep to providecoverage for DL synchronization signals (SSs) and common controlchannels. To enable UEs to access the cell, the UEs may need the similarsweep for UL direction as well.

In the single beam scenarios, the network may configure time-repetitionwithin one synchronization signal (SS) block, which may comprise atleast PSS (Primary synchronization signal), SSS (Secondarysynchronization signal), and PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), in awide beam. In multi-beam scenarios, the network may configure at leastsome of these signals and physical channels (e.g. SS Block) in multiplebeams such that a UE identifies at least OFDM symbol index, slot indexin a radio frame and radio frame number from an SS block.

An RRC_INACTIVE or RRC_IDLE UE may need to assume that an SS Block mayform an SS Block Set and, an SS Block Set Burst, having a givenperiodicity. In multi-beam scenarios, the SS Block may be transmitted inmultiple beams, together forming an SS Burst. If multiple SS Bursts areneeded to transmit beams, these SS Bursts together may form an SS BurstSet as illustrated in FIG. 18.

In the multi-beam scenario, for the same cell, PSS/SSS/PBCH may berepeated to support cell selection/reselection and initial accessprocedures. There may be some differences in the conveyed PRACHconfiguration implied by the TSS (Tertiary synchronization signal) on abeam basis within an SS Burst. Under the assumption that PBCH carriesthe PRACH configuration, a gNB may broadcast PRACH configurationspossibly per beam where the TSS may be utilized to imply the PRACHconfiguration differences.

In an example, the base station may transmit to a wireless device one ormore messages comprising configuration parameters of one or more cells.The configuration parameters may comprise parameters of a plurality ofCSI-RS signal format and/or resources. Configuration parameters of aCSI-RS may comprise one or more parameters indicating CSI-RSperiodicity, one or more parameters indicating CSI-RS subcarriers (e.g.resource elements), one or more parameters indicating CSI-RS sequence,and/or other parameters. Some of the parameters may be combined into oneor more parameters. A plurality of CSI-RS signals may be configured. Inan example, the one or more message may indicate the correspondencebetween SS blocks and CSI-RS signals. The one or more messages may beRRC connection setup message, RRC connection resume message, and/or RRCconnection reconfiguration message. In an example, a UE in RRC-Idle modemay not be configured with CSI-RS signals and may receive SS blocks andmay measure a pathloss based on SS signals. A UE in RRC-connected mode,may be configured with CSI-RS signals and may be measure pathloss basedon CSI-RS signals. In an example, a UE in RRC inactive mode may measurethe pathloss based on SS blocks, e.g. when the UE moves to a differentbase station that has a different CSI-RS configuration compared with theanchor base station.

In a multi-beam system, a NR may configure different types of PRACHresources that may be associated with SS blocks and/or DL beams. In NR,a PRACH transmission occasion may be defined as the time-frequencyresource on which a UE transmits a preamble using the configured PRACHpreamble format with a single particular Tx beam and for which gNBperforms PRACH preamble detection. One PRACH occasion may be used tocover the beam non-correspondence case. gNB may perform RX sweep duringPRACH occasion as UE TX beam alignment is fixed during single occasion.A PRACH burst may mean a set of PRACH occasions allocated consecutivelyin time domain, and a PRACH burst set may mean a set of PRACH bursts toenable full RX sweep. FIG. 19 illustrates an example of configured PRACHoccasion, PRACH burst, and PRACH burst set.

There may be an association between SS blocks (DL signal/channel) andPRACH occasion and a subset of PRACH preamble resources. One PRACHoccasion may comprise a set of preambles. In multi beam operation, thegNB may need to know which beam or set of beams it may use to send RARand the preambles may be used to indicate that. NR may configurefollowing partitioning and mappings in multi beam operation:

The timing from SS block to the PRACH resource may be indicated in theMIB. In an example, different TSS may be used for different timings suchthat the detected sequence within TSS indicates the PRACH resource. ThisPRACH configuration may be specified as a timing relative to the SSblock, and may be given as a combination of the payload in the MIB andanother broadcasted system information.

Association between SS block and a subset of RACH resources and/or asubset of preamble indices may be configured so that TRP may identifythe best DL beam for a UE according to resource location or preambleindex of received preamble. An association may be independent and atleast either a subset of RACH resources or subset of preamble indicesmay not be allowed to be associated with multiple SS blocks.

PRACH resources may be partitioned on SS-blocks basis in multiple beamsoperation. There may be one to one and/or many to one mapping betweenSS-blocks and PRACH occasions. FIG. 20A, FIG. 20B, and FIG. 20Cillustrate examples of TDD (FIG. 20A)/FDD (FIG. 20B) based one to onemapping and multi-to-one mapping (FIG. 20C) between SS-blocks and PRACHoccasions.

UE may detect SS-block based on DL synchronization signals anddifferentiate SS-blocks based on the time index. With one-to-one mappingof beam or beams used to transmit SS-block and a specific PRACHoccasion, the transmission of PRACH preamble resource may be anindication informed by a UE to gNB of the preferred SS-block. This waythe PRACH preamble resources of single PRACH occasion may correspond tospecific SS-block and mapping may be done based on the SS-block index.There may be one to one mapping between an SS-block beam and a PRACHoccasion. There may not be such mapping for the SS-block periodicity andRACH occasion periodicity.

Depending on the gNB capability (e.g. the used beamformingarchitecture), there may not be one to one mapping between singleSS-block and single RACH occasion. In case beam or beams used fortransmitting SS-block and receiving during RACH occasion do notcorrespond directly, e.g., gNB may form receive beams that covermultiple SS-blocks beams, the preambles of PRACH occasion may be dividedbetween the different SS-blocks in a manner that a subset of PRACHpreambles map to specific SS-block.

With beam-specific PRACH resources, a gNB DL TX beam may be associatedwith a subset of preambles. The beam specific PRACH preambles resourcesmay be associated with DL TX beams that are identified by periodicalbeam and cell specific CSI-RS for L3 Mobility (same signals may be usedfor L2 beam management/intra-cell mobility as well). A UE may detect thebeams without RRC configuration, e.g., reading the beam configurationfrom minimum SI (MIB/SIB).

The PRACH resource mapping to specific beams may use SS-blockassociation. Specific beams may be associated with the beams used fortransmitting SS-block as illustrated in FIG. 21A and FIG. 21B. In FIG.21A, gNB may transmit SS-block using one or multiple beams (in case ofanalogue/hybrid beamforming), but individual beams may not be detected.From the UE perspective, this is a single beam transmission. In FIG.21B, gNB may transmit CSI-RS (for Mobility) using individual beamsassociated with specific SS-block. A UE may detect individual beamsbased on the CSI-RS.

A PRACH occasion may be mapped to corresponding a SS-block, and a set ofPRACH preambles may be divided between beams as illustrated in FIG. 22A.Similar to mapping of multiple SS-blocks to single PRACH occasion,multiple beams of an SS-block may be mapped to at least one PRACHoccasion as illustrated in FIG. 22B.

If a PRACH occasion is configured with k preambles, and a PRACH occasionis configured to be SS-block specific, the whole set of preambles may beused to indicate the specific SS-block. In this case, there may be NPRACH occasions corresponding to N SS-blocks.

If multiple SS-blocks are mapped to single PRACH occasion, then thepreambles may be divided between SS-blocks and depending on the numberof SS-blocks, the available preambles per SS-block may be K/N (Kpreambles, N SS-blocks).

If K SS-block specific preambles are divided between CSI-RS beams in thecorresponding PRACH occasions, the number of available preambles perbeam may be determined by the K preambles/number of beams.

If the preambles are partitioned in SS-block specific manner, the UE mayindicate preferred SS-block but not the preferred individual DL TX beamto gNB.

The network may configure mapping/partitioning PRACH preamble resourcesto SS-blocks and/or to individual beams. A UE may determine the usedpartitioning of PRACH preambles, as much as possible, e.g. based on thePRACH configuration.

Beam-specific PRACH configurations may be configurable when a gNB usesanalog RX beamforming. In that case, when a UE sends, for example, apreamble in a beam-specific time/frequency slot associated with one ormultiple SS Block transmissions, then the gNB may use the appropriate RXbeamforming when receiving the preamble in that time/frequency slot anduse the corresponding DL beam when transmitting the RAR. Hence,beam-specific PRACH configurations may allow the gNB to direct its Rxbeamforming in the direction of the same beam when monitoring theassociated PRACH resources.

In the multi-beam RACH scenario, thanks to the mapping between DL SSbeams and PRACH configuration, e.g. time/frequency slot and possiblypreamble partitioning, a UE may be under the coverage of a given DL beamor at least a subset of them in a cell. That may enable the network tosend a RAR in this best DL beam and/or perform a more optimized beamsweeping procedure e.g. not transmitting the same RAR message inpossible beams (e.g. transmitting the RAR in a single beam as in thefigure below) as illustrated in FIG. 23.

NR may support the contention-free scenarios in a way to provide adedicated RACH resource for the preamble transmission as in LTE forhandover, DL data arrival, positioning and obtaining timing advancealignment for a secondary TAG. For the handover case, a UE may beconfigured to measure on one or more SS blocks or other RS in aneighboring cell. If one of the neighboring cell SS-block measurementstriggers a handover request, the source gNB may signal a preferred beamindex in a handover request to the target gNB. The target gNB in turnmay provide a beam-specific dedicated RACH resource (including preamble)in the handover command. In an example, the target gNB may provide a setof dedicated resources e.g. one for at least one SS-block in thehandover command. The UE then may transmit Msg1 using the dedicatedpreamble corresponding to the preferred DL beam in the target cell.

When a UE transmits a preamble, the delay may be reduced if the UE isconfigured to transmit in PRACH preamble in more than one RACHtransmission resource (e.g. occasion) before monitoring the RAR window.Two examples of Multiple Msg. 1 transmissions before RAR window areillustrated in FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B. In FIG. 24A, a UE may transmitMsg. 1 in RACH transmission occasions which are configured in frequencydomain. In an example, this may be implemented when the UE has multipleantenna panels as the UE may generate beam in one direction using asingle antenna panel. In FIG. 24B, a UE may transmit Msg. 1 in RACHtransmission occasions which are configured in time domain. A UE withoutbeam correspondence may transmit Msg. 1 via different UL TX beams indifferent RACH TX occasions and access the target cell with less delay.In an example, a UE may transmit multiple random access preambles inparallel in one or more RACH resources.

For the case of simultaneous multiple preamble transmission (e.g. ondifferent frequency resources described in FIG. 24A or different randomaccess preambles in a RACH resource), the total transmit power requiredfor transmitting multiple preamble simultaneously may exceed the UE'sconfigured maximum transmit power. In such a case, a UE may need atransmit power control (TPC) process to scale down one or more preambletransmission power and/or to drop one or more of preamble transmissions.

In New Radio, a base station may configure one or more radio resources,which are multiplexed in a frequency domain, for one or more RACHpreamble transmissions. For example, the one or more RACH preambletransmissions may be for a contention-based RA. For example, the one ormore RACH preamble transmissions may be for a contention free RA. Thebase station may configure a wireless device to transmit a plurality ofpreambles via the one or more radio resources. Implementation ofexisting random access mechanisms may result in inefficient uplinktransmission power determination and increase battery power consumption.

There is a need to enhance uplink transmission power determinationprocess(es) to improve uplink transmission in a wireless device. In anexample embodiment, a new uplink transmission power determinationprocess may be implemented when a plurality of preamble transmissionsare configured. An example embodiment may determine transmission powersof the plurality of preambles by dropping at least one preambletransmission and/or scaling at least one of transmit power required fora plurality of preambles to improve uplink power control. Dropping atleast one preamble transmission (e.g., when a total calculated requiredtransmit power exceed a threshold) may increase a success rate ofdetecting and/or decoding a preamble transmission at a base station. Inan example embodiment, a base station may transmit one or more messages(e.g. RRC messages) comprising the threshold for random access powerdetermination in a wireless device. The example signaling mechanism mayreduce a battery power consumption in a wireless device. Exampleembodiments dropping at least one preamble transmission and/or scaling atotal transmit power reduces a number of retransmissions of preambles.For example, the reduced the number of retransmissions improve thebattery power consumption in a wireless device. Example embodimentsdropping at least one preamble transmission and/or scaling a totaltransmit power reduces an amount of interference generated. For example,the reduced the amount of interference may improve a success rate ofdetecting and/or decoding a preamble transmitted by other wirelessdevice(s).

The frequency multiplexed radio resources for the one or more RACHpreamble transmissions may be advantageous for a UE and/or the basestation to complete the contention free RA (or contention-based RA)within a short period of time, for example, comparing with the timemultiplexed radio resources.

In an example, a base station may configure a UE to transmit a pluralityof RA preambles. For example, the base station may configure the UE withfrequency multiplexed radio resources for the plurality of RA preambles.For example, the UE may transmit the plurality of RA preambles viafrequency multiplexed radio resources in a same RACH TX occasion. Inthis case, a required transmit power to transmit the plurality of RApreambles may exceeds a maximum allowable transmit power. For example,the UE may determine the required transmit power based on a requiredtransmit power of each of the plurality of RA preambles (e.g., a sum ofeach required transmit power of each of the plurality of RA preambles.For example, as a UE moves toward a cell edge area (away from a basestation), a transmit power for a RA preamble becomes larger. If a UEtransmits a plurality of RA preambles at a cell edge area, a requiredtransmit power of each of the plurality of RA preambles may be larger,and a required transmit power of the plurality of RA preambles mayexceed a threshold (e.g., the threshold may be a maximum allowabletransmit power for a cell).

In an example, if a UE has not enough power to transmit a plurality ofRA preambles, the UE may determine not to transmit the plurality of RApreambles (e.g., the UE may determine a RA failure) and measure one ormore reference signals (SS blocks and/or CSI-RS), which may cause adelay in a RA procedure.

In an example, if a UE has not enough power to transmit a plurality ofRA preambles, the UE may drop at least one transmission of the pluralityof RA preambles. Selecting the at least one transmission of theplurality of RA preambles to be dropped impacts on a total period oftime required for the UE and/or the base station to complete a RAprocedure. Depending on which RA preamble(s) are selected among theplurality of RA preambles, a base station may or may not detect atransmission of the selected RA preambles. For example, when a UE dropsa transmission of a first RA preamble and transmits a second RApreamble, a base station may not detect the second RA preamble if thereceived signal strength of the second RA preamble is low. The first RApreamble may be a better selection for a UE that may more reliablytransmits a RA preamble (e.g., the first RA preamble) to the basestation.

The question is then which RA preamble(s) among a plurality of RApreambles a UE selects when a total transmit power for the UE is limited(e.g., the total required transmit power for the plurality of RApreambles exceeds a threshold, e.g., total allowable transmit power).The selection of one or more RA preambles among a plurality of RApreambles may determine how quickly a UE complete a RA procedure. A UEmay select one or more RA preambles among a plurality of RA preamblesbased on a pathloss measurement and/or total required transmit power ofa plurality of RA preambles.

For example, a pathloss may be a metric that may show a channel qualitybetween a UE and a base station in terms of a level of loss. Forexample, the larger a value of pathloss measurement, the larger a levelof loss. A UE may drop one or more preambles based on their associatedpathloss measurements (e.g., ascending and/or descending order of thevalues of pathloss measurements of a plurality of RA preambles).

For example, a UE may employ a required power for a preambletransmission as a metric to determine which RA preamble to be dropped.For example, a required power for a preamble transmission may depend ona pathloss measurement, a preamble received target power, and/or one ormore power offsets. For example, there may be a case that a measuredchannel quality (e.g., a value of pathloss measurement) between a UE anda base station is good, its corresponding required power for a preambletransmission is large (e.g., a preamble received target power and/or oneor more power offsets may increase the required power). For example, aUE may drop one or more preambles based on their associated requiredpowers for the transmissions (e.g., ascending and/or descending order ofthe values of required powers for the transmissions of a plurality of RApreambles).

RAP dropping or scaling may be based on the pathloss, P_(PRACH,s) (therequired power for the s-th preamble transmission, preamble index, basedon the random selection, and/or other parameters.

When a UE transmits multiple preambles in parallel on differentfrequency resources as described in example FIG. 24A, a UE may drop oneor more of preamble transmissions if the total power required forsimultaneous multiple preamble transmissions exceeds a threshold (e.g.,P_(CMAX,c)(i)) The prioritization of dropping and/or scaling (adjusting)one or more preamble transmission may be based an order of PRACHresources. In an example, the prioritization of dropping and/or scaling(adjusting) one or more preamble transmission may be based on theestimated pathloss. For example, a UE may at least drop the preambletransmissions from the (S+1)-th transmission such that the followingcondition

${\sum\limits_{s = 1}^{\overset{\_}{s}}\;{{w(s)}P_{{PRACH},{PL}_{c,{(s)}}}}} \leq {P_{{CMAX},c}(i)}$is satisfied.

In an example, Path loss for a random access preamble may be calculatedemploying measurement of one or more reference signals. In an example,the one or more reference signals may comprise at least one of one ormore SS blocks, CSI reference signals, DMRS reference signals. In anexample, given S SS DL blocks, PL_(c,s) may be the estimated pathlossfor the s-th SS block on serving cell c where s∈{1, . . . , S}. In anexample, PL_(c,s) may be the estimated pathloss for the s-th referencesignal (CSI-RS, DMRS) on serving cell c. The ordered values of PL_(c,1),. . . ,PL_(c,s) in ascending order is defined by PL_(c,(1)), . . . ,PL_(c,(s)).

PL_(c,(s)) is the (s)-th lowest pathloss among PL_(c,1), . . . ,P_(c,S).PL_(c,(1))=min{PL_(c,1), . . . ,PL_(c,S)}PL_(c,(s))=max{PL_(c,1), . . . ,PL_(c,S)}PL_(c,(x))≤PL_(c,(y)) if x<y where x,y∈{1, . . . ,s}.P_(PRACH,PL) _(c,(s)) may be the required power for preambletransmission corresponding to the pathloss PL_(c,(s)), which is definedbyP _(PRACH,PL) _(c,(s)) =min{P_(CMAX,c)(i),PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER+PL_(c,(s)) +P_(rach-offset)} [dBm]In an example, other parameters may be added to Preamble powercalculations in addition to the above parameters. P_(rach-offset) may bea factor depending on pathloss calculation process. In an example,P_(rach-offset) may be zero.P_(CMAC,c) (i) may be the configured UE transmit power for subframe i ofserving cell c. P_(rach-offset) may depend on pathloss reference and/orpathloss measurement process.

In an example, the prioritization of dropping and/or scaling (adjusting)one or more preamble transmission may be based on the ordered values ofP_(PRACH,1), . . . P_(PRACH,S), where P_(PRACH,s) for s∈{1, . . . , S}may be the required power corresponding to the s-th preambletransmission. For example, a UE may drop at least drop the preambletransmissions from the (s+1)-th transmission such that the condition

${\sum\limits_{s = 1}^{\overset{\_}{s}}\;{{w(s)}P_{{PRACH},{(s)}}}} \leq {P_{{CMAX},c}(i)}$is satisfied where, P_(PRACH,s) may be the required power for preambletransmission corresponding to the pathloss PL_(c,s), which is defined byP_(PRACH,s)=min{P_(CMAX,c)(i),PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER+PL_(c,s)+P_(rach-offset)}[dBm]. The ordered values of P_(PRACH,1), . . . , P_(PRACH,S) inascending order is defined by P_(PRACH,(1)), . . . , P_(PRACH,(S)).P_(PRACH,(S)) is the (s)-th smallest calculated transmit power amongP_(PRACH,(1)), . . . , P_(PRACH,(S)), whereP _(PRACH,(1))=min{P _(PRACH,1) , . . . ,P _(PRACH,S)}P _(PRACH,(S))=max{P _(PRACH,1) , . . . ,P _(PRACH,S)}P _(PRACH,(x)) ≤P _(PRACH,(y)) if x<y where x,y∈{1, . . . ,S}

In an example, when a UE transmits multiple preambles in parallel ondifferent frequency resources as described in FIG. 24A, a UE mayrandomly transmit s preambles out of S preambles by dropping (S−s)preambles such that the condition

${\sum\limits_{s = 1}^{\overset{\_}{s}}\;{{w(s)}P_{{PRACH},s}}} \leq {P_{{CMAX},c}(i)}$is satisfied.

In an example, S preambles considered for parallel transmission. In anexample, S may be a preconfigured number, e.g. 2, 4. In an example, atleast one message (e.g. RRC) may comprise one or more parametersindicating a number(s) of random access preambles considered forparalleled transmission. In an example, S may depend on one or more RACHconfiguration parameter. In example, a base station may transmit a PDCCHorder (a DCI) comprising one or more parameters indicating a number(s)of random access preamble transmissions. The PDCCH order may compriseone or more random access preamble indices, one or more mask indices,one or more PRACH resources, and/or the like. In an example, S may bethe number of SS blocks.

In an example, preamble dropping may be implemented to controltransmission power. s preambles of S preambles may be transmitted, andS−s preambles may be dropped. w(s) may be equal to 1 for transmittedpreambles. In an example, preamble scaling may be implemented. s may beequal to S. Preamble powers may be scaled down, e.g. according to apredefined rule using adjustment factors w(s). In an example, bothpreamble dropping and scaling may be implemented. One or more preamblesmay be dropped and one or more preamble powers may be adjusted (scaleddown).

In an example, PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set to

PREAMBLE_(RECEIVED_(TARGET_(POWER))) = preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower + DELTA_(PREAMBLE) + (PREAMBLE_(TRANSMISSION_(COUNTER)) − 1) * powerRampingStep,if the UE is a BL UE or a UE in enhanced coverage, thePREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set toPREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower−10*log₁₀(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt),if NB-IoT:

-   -   for enhanced coverage level 0, the        PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set to:        PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower−10*log₁₀(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt)    -   for other enhanced coverage levels, the        PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set corresponding to the        max UE output power;        if the UE is an NB-IoT UE, a BL UE or a UE in enhanced coverage:    -   may instruct the physical layer to transmit a preamble with the        number of repetitions required for preamble transmission        corresponding to the selected preamble group (e.g.,        numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt) using the selected PRACH        corresponding to the selected enhanced coverage level,        corresponding RA-RNTI, preamble index or for NB-IoT subcarrier        index, and PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.        else:    -   may instruct the physical layer to transmit a preamble using the        selected PRACH, corresponding RA-RNTI, preamble index and        PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.        preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower, powerRampingStep, and        numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt may be from System Information        Block (SIB).        DELTA_PREAMBLE may be determined based on the preamble format,        which is given by prach-ConfigIndex defined in System        Information Block (SIB), as illustrated in FIG. 25.        PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER may begin from 0 and be        incremented by 1 by the MAC entity whenever a random access        response reception is considered not successful.

In an example, FIG. 26 shows an example of preamble dropping. A basestation may configure a wireless device to transmit a plurality of RApreambles. The wireless device may measure one or more reference signals(e.g., SS blocks from 1 to n) and determine the plurality of RApreambles to transmit. FIG. 26 shows that the wireless device selectstotal n RA preambles but the required power to transmit the n RApreambles exceeds a first threshold. The wireless device drops atransmission of preamble #1 since its required transmit power is largerthan other preamble transmission.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters of one or more random accesschannels; initiate a random access procedure for transmitting aplurality of random access preambles in parallel via the one or morerandom access channels; calculate a preamble transmission power for oneor more of the plurality of the random access preambles employing one ormore parameters; scale or drop at least one preamble transmission powerwhen a calculated total power of the one or more of the plurality ofrandom access preambles exceeds a first value; transmit, via the one ormore random access channels, at least one of the plurality of randomaccess preambles.

In an example, the one or more parameters may comprise a pathloss valueand a ramp-up value. When a wireless device may estimate one or morepathloss values for transmission of the plurality of random accesspreambles, a pathloss value in the one or more pathloss values may beemployed, at least, for transmission of a random access preamble in theplurality of random access preambles.

In an example, the one or more parameters may comprise an offset value,where the offset value depends on a number of the plurality of randomaccess preambles.

In an example, the calculated total power of the one or more of theplurality of random access preambles may be a sum of the preambletransmission power for the one or more of the plurality of the randomaccess preambles. The first value may be a maximum allowabletransmission power of the wireless device via a cell. A secondcalculated total power of the one or more of the plurality of randomaccess preambles may be below or equal to the first value.

In an example, the dropping the at least one preamble transmission powermay comprise dropping one or more preambles according to a correspondingpathloss value, where a first random access preamble is assigned lowerpriority compared with a second random access preamble if a pathlossvalue corresponding to the first random access preamble is smaller thana pathloss value corresponding to the second random access preamble.

In an example, the dropping the at least one preamble transmission powermay comprise dropping one or more preambles according to a correspondingcalculated preamble transmission power, where a first random accesspreamble is assigned lower priority compared with a second random accesspreamble if a preamble transmission power corresponding to the firstrandom access preamble is smaller than a preamble transmission powercorresponding to the second random access preamble.

In an example, the dropping the at least one preamble transmission powermay comprise dropping one or more preambles according to a correspondingcalculated preamble transmission power, where a first random accesspreamble is assigned lower priority compared with a second random accesspreamble based on a random selection.

In the random access procedure, IDLE mode RS (e.g., SS blocks), CSI-RSfor L3 mobility, and/or DM-RS may be employed as DL signal to estimatethe pathloss. The IDLE mode RS may be transmitted, e.g., with 5 msperiodicity. In an example, the periodicity may be as long as 160 ms.The periodicity may be valid for cells in a frequency layer. Even thougha frequency layer is configured with a long IDLE mode RS periodicity,e.g. 160 ms, it may not be prohibited that some cells transmit IDLE modeRS more frequently in order to support the L3 mobility of CONNECTED modeUEs in the cells.

IDLE mode RS may provide sufficient measurement accuracy for CONNECTEDmode in some example implementations, for example, when shorterperiodicity is used. With longer IDLE mode RS periodicities, themeasurement accuracy may be insufficient, for example, when combinedwith high UE speed. In multi-beam scenarios where control and datatransmissions in CONNECTED mode may have highly directive beamforminggain in some cells, L3 mobility may be based on RRM measurements thatincorporate such gains. The CSI-RS may provide a large number of suchbeamformed RS more efficiently than IDLE mode RS as illustrated in FIG.27. NW may support the configurability of whether UEs use measurementson IDLE mode RS or CSI-RS for L3 mobility to select subsets of RACHresources and preambles.

IDLE mode RS may comprise at least the secondary synchronization signal(NR-SSS) that may be used for DL based RRM measurement for L3 mobilityin IDLE mode. For CONNECTED mode RRM measurement for L3 mobility, CSI-RSmay be used in addition to IDLE mode RS.

The CSI-RS for L3 mobility may not be always-on but be turned on/offsemi-statically and transmitted periodically. When CSI-RS is turned off,a UE may need to use the IDLE mode RS as DL signal. The number ofmeasured ports/beams/TRPs on IDLE mode RS may depend on the number oftransmitted SS blocks per SS burst set.

A cell may transmit the CSI-RS for L3 mobility during SS burst sets. AUE may receive signals IDLE RS and CSI-RS for L3 mobility within a timewindow containing an SS burst set. The CSI-RS for L3 mobility may betransmitted on subcarriers not occupied by PSS/SSS/PBCH. Differentsimultaneous Tx beams during SS blocks may be supported in manyscenarios, for example with multi-TRP cells or with a TRP with a digitalor hybrid beamforming implementation.

A cell may transmit the CSI-RS for L3 mobility between SS burst sets insome scenarios. For instance, if the system bandwidth is similar to theSS block bandwidth, there may not be enough subcarriers for the CSI-RSduring SS blocks. An example implementation may be with a single-TRPcell with analog beamforming. In this case, a single TRP Tx beam may beused at a time, which may mean that any CSI-RS transmitted during the SSblock may have to use the same TRP Tx beam as used for the SS block. NWmay configure the CSI-RS for L3 mobility outside the SS burst sets suchthat the CSI-RS may be reused for beam management, for instance withmore narrow beams than used in the SS burst set.

A cell may transmit CSI-RS for L3 mobility both during SS burst sets andbetween SS burst sets, for instance with long SS burst set periodicitiesand in high-speed scenarios.

A cell may transmit CSI-RS for L3 mobility on-demand to minimize thealways-on signals comprising NR-SS and NR-PBCH to support forwardcompatibility and resource efficiency. A UE may need a request mechanismto trigger transmission of CSI-RS for L3 mobility (for example, using adedicated PRACH resource shared by UEs). This may allow fine beamsearching using CSI-RS before RRC connection is established.

In New Radio, base station transmits multiple synchronization signalblocks corresponding to multiple SS downlink beams. In an example, abase station may configure one or more CSI-RS for a wireless device.Implementation of existing random access mechanisms may result ininefficient uplink transmission power determination and increase batterypower consumption.

There is a need to enhance uplink transmission power determinationprocess(es) to improve uplink transmission in a wireless device. In anexample embodiment, a new uplink transmission power determinationprocess may be implemented when CSI-RS is configured. An exampleembodiment may determine random access preamble transmission power basedon CSI-RS or SS blocks to improve uplink power control. Using CSI-RS forrandom access preamble power calculation may provide a more accuratemeasurement for a pathloss calculation versus using SS blocks for randomaccess preamble power calculations. Example embodiments provide a moreefficient and accurate pathloss measurement in a wireless device. In anexample embodiment, a base station may transmit one or more messages(e.g. RRC messages) comprising a power offset value for random accesspower determination in a wireless device when CSI-RS is configured. Theexample signaling mechanism may provide flexibility in configuringdifferent transmission powers for SS blocks and CSI-RS. Exampleembodiments employing RRC messages improves both uplink and downlinkpower control mechanisms. In an example embodiment, an RRC messagecomprises a power offset value. Transmission of the offset value forCSI-RS relative to SS blocks may improve signaling efficiency forconfiguring power parameters of CSI-RS and random access transmission byreducing the number of overhead bits in RRC signaling.

In an example, a base station may transmit a PDCCH order to a wirelessdevice to initiate a random access procedure. In an example, a basestation may configure a UE with one or more CSI-RSs. The UE may measureone or more reference signal received powers of the one or more CSI-RSsfor random access preamble transmission. Using CSI-RS for preamble powercalculation (when CSI-RS is configured) provides more accuracy in uplinkpower control vs when SS blocks are used. This may reduce battery powerconsumption and reduce interference.

In an example, a reference signal power of CSI-RS may be different fromthe one for SS blocks. For example, if the CSI-RS may be configured witha narrower beam than the SS block, the reference signal power value ofthe CSI-RS may be smaller than a reference signal power value of the SSblock. For example, a reference signal power value may depend on anantenna gain (e.g., beamforming gains). For example, a narrower beam mayhave a larger antenna gain (e.g., beamforming gain), which may result ina smaller (e.g., larger) reference signal power.

Depending on a type of reference signal configured with a UE, a basestation may transmit one or more messages indicating configurationparameters of transmit power (e.g., a reference signal power value)associated with the type of reference signal. The type of referencesignals may comprise SS, CSI-RS, and/or DMRS. Transmission of powerparameters for various reference signals for random access preambletransmission may provide more flexibility and accuracy in referencesignal selection and random access preamble power calculation. Forexample, if a UE is configured with one or more CSI-RS s, a base stationmay transmit a first reference signal power value to the UE. If a UE isnot configured with a CSI-RS, a base station may transmit a secondreference signal power value to the UE, wherein the second referencesignal power may be associated with one or more SS blocks.

For example, a reference signal power may depend an antenna gain. Forexample, the first reference signal power value may be correlated withthe second reference signal power. In an example, the CSI-RS and SSblocks may be transmitted from a same base station (or a same TRP) withdifferent antenna gains. In this case, a difference between the firstand second reference signal powers may depend on the different antennagains (e.g., or different beamforming gains). In an example, the firstreference signal power value may be decomposed into a second referencesignal power value and a power offset value. In an example, the poweroffset value may compensate the different antenna gains betweendifferent types of reference signals and improve uplink power controlefficiency.

In an example, a UE may calculate a first pathloss associated with theCSI-RS based on the first reference signal power value. The UE mayreceive, from a base station, the first reference signal received powerfor the CSI-RS. A UE may calculate a second pathloss associated with SSblocks based on the second reference signal power value. The UE mayreceive, from a base station, the second reference signal received powerfor the SS block. In an example, the first reference signal power valuemay be based on the second reference signal power value and a firstoffset value. In an example, the first pathloss, that may be calculatedbased on the first reference signal power value, may be decomposed intothe second pathloss, that may be calculated based on the secondreference signal power value, and a second offset value. For example,the first offset value and the second offset value may be the same.

For example, a reference signal power value may be ranged from a firstvalue to a second value. In an example, for a range between −60 dBm and50 dBm with a step size of 2 dB, a base station may include at least 6bits in the configuration parameter to indicates a reference signalpower value. If a base station does not configure a UE with a CSI-RS,the base station may transmit at least one message comprising at least 6bits indicating a first reference signal power value associated with atleast one SS block. If the base station configures the UE with theCSI-RS, the base station may transmit at least one second messagecomprising at least 6 bits indicating a second reference signal powervalue associated with the CSI-RS. When a base station switches areference signal from a first type to a second type, it may be efficientto indicate a power offset value instead of transmitting a power valueof the reference signal power associated with the second type. The poweroffset value may be indicated by a smaller number of bits (e.g., one ortwo bits) compared with the power value.

In an example, a base station may not configure a UE with a CSI-RS. Thebase station may transmit one or more first messages indicating a firstreference signal power value associated with at least one SS block. Whenthe base station configures the UE with the CSI-RS, if the base stationtransmits one or more second messages indicating a second referencesignal power value associated with the CSI-RS, downlink signalingoverhead may increase. For example, as the number of SS blocks and/orCSI-RSs that a base station configures a UE increases, the signalingoverhead may increase. For example, if the first and the secondreference signal power values are correlated with each other (associatedwith each other, and/or corresponding to each other), the base stationmay reduce a signaling overhead if the base station transmits thedifference between the first and the second reference signal powervalues. For example, a reference signal power value may be ranged from afirst value (e.g., −60 dBm) to a second value (e.g., 50 dBm), that mayrequire a number of bits (e.g., at least 6 bits for the case of stepsize of 2 dB) to indicate one of values between the first value and thesecond value. For example, if a first SS block and a first CSI-RS areassociated with each other, the power offset value may be small (e.g.,less than 10 dB), which may be indicated by a small number of bits(e.g., 2 or 3 bits with a step size of 2 dB).

FIG. 28 shows an example of calculating a preamble transmit power. Forexample, when a wireless device is not configured with a CSI-RS, thewireless device may determine a preamble transmit power based on a firstmeasured pathloss, wherein the first measured pathloss may be based on areference signal received power of at least one of SS blocks. The basestation may transmit one or more messages comprising one or more CSI-RSconfiguration parameters, wherein the one or more CSI-RS configurationparameters may comprise a power offset value. The wireless device may beconfigured with a CSI RS in response to receiving the one or more CSI-RSconfiguration parameters. When the wireless device is configured withthe CSI-RS, the wireless device may determine a preamble transmit powerbased on a second measured pathloss and the power offset value, whereinthe second measure pathloss may be based on a reference signal receivedpower of the CSI-RS.

When a UE transmits a preamble in the RA procedure, the UE determinesthe transmit power, denoted by P_(PRACH), based on the pathloss measuredby reference signals (RSs). CSI-RS and SS may be the RSs used for pathloss estimation. For example, for a UE not configured with CSI-RS, thepathloss estimation may be based on SS. For a UE configured with asemi-persistent CSI-RS configured (activated), CSI-RS and/or SS may be abasis of the pathloss estimation. If the semi-persistent CSI-RS isreleased in the UE, then the UE may revert to base its path lossestimation on SS.

There may be a dynamic switching between measuring on different types ofRSs. The RSs may be transmitted in different ways and may constitutedifferent beamforming gains. Utilizing multiple RSs for pathlossestimation may imply that the UE estimates the pathloss from signalscorresponding to different beamforming gains. A gNB may receive a UE'stransmitted preamble with a utilized beamformer gain which is notnecessarily equal to the beamforming gain used for transmitting the RSs.

There may be a framework for which RS/RS s the UE may use at any giventime. If multiple RSs are utilized for pathloss estimation, a frameworkmay be defined so that it is clear on which RS/RSs a UE may measure onat every point in time.

If multiple RSs are utilized for pathloss estimation, a UE may includean offset in P_(PRACH) to compensate for the difference in beamforminggain. For example, a UE may determine P_(PRACH) such thatP _(PRACH)=min{P _(CMAC,c)(i),PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER+PL_(c) +P_(rach-offset)} [dBm].In an example, P_(CMAC,c)(i) may be the configured UE transmit power forsubframe i of serving cell c. PL_(c) may be the downlink path lossestimate calculated in the UE for serving cell c. P_(rach-offset) may bea parameter whose value is given from which RS that was used whenestimating PL_(c). In an example, P_(rach-offset) may depend on a stateof a UE when the UE transmits a random access preamble. If SS is used,P_(rach-offset) may take on a first value. If CSI-RS is used,P_(rach-offset) may take on a second value. The first and second valuesper RS type for P_(rach-offset) may be configurable by the gNB. A gNBmay transmit one or more messages (e.g. RRC) comprising one or moreparameters for one or more P_(rach-offset) values. By performing theconfiguration, it may be possible to let the UE compensate for thedifference in beamforming gain by the gNB when receiving an ULtransmission and when transmitting a certain RS. In an example, thefirst value may be zero by default, and a second value may be aconfigurable value (or vice versa). In an example configuration, thefirst value may be configured the same value as the second value.In an example, PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set toPREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower+DELTA_PREAMBLE+(PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER−1)*powerRampingStep

-   -   if the UE is a BL UE or a UE in enhanced coverage, the        PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set to        PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower−10*log₁₀(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt)    -   if NB-IoT:        -   for enhanced coverage level 0, the            PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set to:            PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower−10*log₁₀(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt)        -   for other enhanced coverage levels, the            PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set corresponding to            the max UE output power;    -   if the UE is an NB-IoT UE, a BL UE or a UE in enhanced coverage:        -   may instruct the physical layer to transmit a preamble with            the number of repetitions required for preamble transmission            corresponding to the selected preamble group (e.g.,            numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt) using the selected PRACH            corresponding to the selected enhanced coverage level,            corresponding RA-RNTI, preamble index or for NB-IoT            subcarrier index, and PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.    -   else:        -   may instruct the physical layer to transmit a preamble using            the selected PRACH, corresponding RA-RNTI, preamble index            and PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.            In an example, preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower,            powerRampingStep, and numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt may be            from System Information Block (SIB). In an example,            DELTA_PREAMBLE may be determined based on the preamble            format, which is given by prach-ConfigIndex defined in            System Information Block (SIB), as illustrated in FIG. 25.            PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER may begin from 0 and be            incremented by 1 by the MAC entity whenever a random access            response reception is considered not successful.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters of a random access channel; initiatea random access procedure for transmitting at least one random accesspreamble; estimate a pathloss value based on a measurement referencesignal; calculate a preamble transmission power for one of the at leastone random access preamble employing the pathloss value, a ramp-upvalue, a configured initial received target power, and a first offsetvalue; and transmit, via the random access channel, the one of the atleast one random access preamble with the preamble transmission power.

In an example, the first offset value may depend on a type of themeasurement reference signal. The type of the measurement referencesignal may comprise at least one of the following: a synchronizationsignal; a channel state information reference signal; a demodulationreference signal. The first offset value may depend on a state of thewireless device when the random access procedure is initiated. The stateof the wireless device may comprise: an RRC idle state; an RRC connectedstate; and an RRC inactive state. The first offset value may depend on anumber of preambles transmitted in parallel.

In an example, the first offset value may depend on an event type thatinitiated random access procedure. The event type that initiated randomaccess procedure may comprise at least one of the following: an initialaccess when establishing a radio link; a re-establishment of a radiolink after radio-link failure; a handover when uplink synchronizationneeds to be established to the new cell; an establishment of uplinksynchronization if uplink or downlink data arrives when the terminal isin RRC_CONNECTED and the uplink is not synchronized; a positioning usingpositioning methods based on uplink measurements; and a schedulingrequest if no dedicated scheduling-request resources have beenconfigured on PUCCH.

In an example, the calculating the preamble transmission power for therandom access preamble may further employ a second offset value, thesecond offset value depends on a format of the random access preamble.

The preamble transmission power may comprise a reference preambletransmit power P₀, which may comprise the most recent estimatedpathloss, and a power offset determined by PowerRampingCounter andPowerRampingStep such thatP _(PRACH)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P ₀(PL_(c))+PowerOffset} [dBm]where PowerOffset=(PowerRampingCounter−1)*powerRampingStep,where P₀ may comprise PL_(c), preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower,DELTA_PREAMBLE and/or P_(rach-offset). In a single beam scenario, thePowerRampingCounter may keep incrementing with a RACH retransmission,which results in keeping PowerRampingCounter the same to a RACHretransmission counter.

In a multi-beam scenario, if a UE doesn't get the RAR corresponding tothe RACH preamble transmission, the UE may re-attempt to transmit apreamble in different ways. For example, the UE may perform UE's Tx beamswitching, may select a new RACH resource different from the previousRACH preamble transmission. In this case, depending on such differentsituation, PowerRampingCounter may be reset, remains unchanged, or keepsincreasing.

For example, a UE may have PowerRampingCounter per a UE TX beam. Acounter may be reset, remain unchanged, or keep increasing when thecorresponding UE TX beam is used.

A UE may have one PowerRampingCounter that may be reset, remainunchanged, or keep increasing whenever the UE changes the UE TX beam.For example, if the UE selected a wrong UL Tx beam and still failed evenpower ramped up several times, the UE may switch to another UL Tx beamby resetting the power level, keeping it unchanged, or keeping itincreasing. A UE may reset PowerRampingCounter not to generate anyunnecessary interference, which may cause additional delay. A UE maydecide to increase PowerRampingCounter to avoid such a delay, which mayin turn generate a large amount of interference when the beam change inthe UE side work as increase of received power, e.g., more than 10 dB. AUE may keep PowerRampingCounter unchanged to make a balance betweenlatency and UL interferences.

In an example, when a UE decides to change the RACH resource during theRACH re-attempt, depending on the association between the changed RACHresource and the DL SS blocks that the UE responded with a RACH preambletransmission in the previous RACH attempt, PowerRampingCounter may bereset, remain unchanged, or keep increasing. For example, if the changedRACH resource is still associated with the same DL broadcastchannel/signal, a UE may increase PowerRampingCounter in order to have ahigher priority than a UE who fails less. If the changed RACH resourceis not associated with the same DL broadcast channel/signal, a UE mayreset PowerRampingCounter as a initial value.

In addition to PowerRampingCounter, a UE may have a retransmissioncounter to know whether the number of RACH preamble retransmissionreaches the maximum number. A UE may increase the retransmission counterif the UE doesn't get the RAR corresponding to the RACH preambletransmission. For the case of PowerRampingCounter per a UE TX beam, a UEmay have a total counter for UE Tx beams, and gNB may restrict themaximum number of retransmission based on the total counter and/or mayrestrict the maximum number of retransmission per a UE Tx beam based onthe counter per a UE Tx beam.

In a multi-beam scenario, a UE may manage a ramping power and the numberof RACH preamble retransmission employing a counter, denoted by COUNTERhereafter. A UE may increase COUNTER when within a RAR window the UEreceives no RAR corresponding to one or more preamble transmissionsperformed before the RAR window.

In New Radio, a wireless device transmits a plurality of preamblesbefore starting a RAR window or before the RAR window expires. In anexample, Implementation of existing random access mechanisms may resultin inefficient uplink transmission power determination, increase abattery power consumption, and increase the amount of interference.

There is a need to enhance management process(es) of a counter toimprove uplink transmission for a random access procedure in a wirelessdevice. In an example embodiment, a new single counter may beimplemented when a plurality of preambles are transmitted. An exampleembodiment may increment a counter in response to an expiration of anRAR. Using the new single counter may keep an interference level in amore proper way in a cell. Example embodiments provide a higher successrate of preamble transmission of other wireless device by generating aless interference from a wireless device. The example counter managementmechanism may provide a access fairness between wireless devices whenthe wireless devices transmits different numbers of preambles.

In an example, a UE may have a counter that may be used for ramping atransmit power of RA preamble for a retransmission and for counting anumber of retransmissions. In this case, if a base station configures aUE with a plurality of RA preamble transmissions, the UE may determinewhen to increment the counter. A UE may increment the counter by one inresponse to transmitting a RA preamble. For example, if a UE initiates aRA procedure and transmits one or more RA preambles before receiving anRAR from a base station, the UE may increment the counter by one whenthe UE transmits each of the one or more RA preambles. This may cause alarger amount of interference to other UEs. This may cause an unfairnessissue. For example, if a first UE and a second UE perform (or initiate)RA procedures in a same frequency band, wherein the first UE transmits aRA preamble, and the second UE transmits a plurality of RA preambles, alarge ramping power used by the second UE may interfere with a RAtransmission of the first UE. At a base station, a first received powerof a first preamble transmitted by a first UE and a second receivedpower of a second preamble transmitted by a second UE may be large,e.g., because of a ramping power used by the second UE. For example, alarge gap of received powers of two signals at a base station mayrequire a larger dynamic range of a signal processing system at the basestation.

In an example, a UE may have a first counter (e.g., PowerRampingCounterand/or COUNTER). For example, a UE may determine a ramping power basedon the first counter For example, a UE may reset, increment the firstcounter in response to UE's behavior (e.g., UE's TX beam switching,and/or RACH resource reselection). For example, UE's Tx beam switchingand/or RACH resource reselection may be UE's implementation issues. Forexample, if a UE increments the first counter in response to UE'sbehavior, e.g., UE's Tx beam switching and/or RACH resource reselection,there may be a case that a UE may increment the counter aggressively,which may result in a larger ramping power in a RA transmission and alarger amount of interference to other UEs in a same cell. In anexample, a UE may have a second counter that may count a number of RAretransmissions.

In an example, a UE may have a counter that may remain unchanged (is notincremented) in response to UE's behaviour (e.g., UE's TX beamswitching, and/or RACH resource reselection). The UE may employ thecounter to determine a RA ramping power. For example, the UE mayincrement the counter in response to performing a retransmission of RApreamble transmission that may be triggered in response to no RAR beingdetecting during a RAR window. For example, the UE may not reset and/orincrement the counter in response to UE's TX beam switching, and/or RACHresource reselection. For example, the UE may not increment the countera plurality of RA preamble transmissions prior to an RAR windowexpiration. In this case, the unfairly generated interference betweenUEs having different UEs' behaviour may be resolved. In an example, a UEmay employ the counter to count a number of RA retransmissions and/orlimiting a number of RA retransmissions (e.g., one or more RAtransmission prior to an RAR window expiration may not be considered asa RA retransmission. The RA retransmission may be one or more RAtransmissions in response to no RAR being detecting during a RARwindow.). In this case (e.g., a UE employs the counter to determine a RAramping power and to limit a number of retransmission), it may bebeneficial for a base station and a UE to simplify a process of managinga RA retransmission and/or RA ramping power, e.g., reduction ofsignalling overhead comparing with a case that a base station and a UEemploy a plurality of counters,

A UE may perform multiple RACH preamble transmissions on one or moreRACH resources, which may comprise time, frequency, and/or preambleindex, by holding a UE TX beam or by performing UE TX beam switching. Ifa UE perform such multiple RACH preamble transmissions with a UE TX beambefore the RAR window, COUNTER may remain unchanged as illustrated inFIG. 29. If a UE perform the multiple RACH preamble transmissions byperforming UE TX beam switching before the RAR window, COUNTER mayremain unchanged as illustrated in FIG. 29.

After a UE performs one or more RACH preamble transmissions, if the UEreceives no RAR within a RAR window, or if none of received RARscontains any of one or more RA preamble identifiers corresponding thetransmitted one or more RA preambles, the UE may consider that the RARreception is not successful and may increase COUNTER by 1.

In an example, the UE may transmit a plurality of preambles viadifferent resources and/or radio beams before monitoring for a randomaccess response during a random access response window. The COUNTER maybe incremented by one for transmission of the plurality of random accesspreambles. In an example, the preamble may be incremented if the UEreceives no RAR within a RAR window, or if none of received RARscontains any of one or more RA preamble identifiers corresponding thetransmitted one or more RA preambles. In an example, the preamble may beincremented before transmission of the plurality of preambles or beforethe random access window. The example embodiment enhances random accessprocedure by incrementing the COUNTER by one for transmission of aplurality of random access preambles and by employing the same COUNTERfor calculating transmission power for the plurality of preambles.

There may be a threshold, for example preambleTransMax in LTE, informedfrom system information broadcast or preconfigured that restricts thetotal number of RACH retransmissions. If the incremented COUNTER isequal to the threshold (or e.g. threshold+1), a UE may terminate the RAprocedure. The UE may determine a RA problem, e.g., MAC entity mayindicate the RA problem to upper layers. If the incremented COUNTER islower than the threshold (or e.g. threshold+1), a UE may re-attempt theRACH preamble transmission. The preamble transmit power may beP _(PRACH)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER+PL_(c) +P_(rach-offset)} [dBm],where P_(CMAC,c)(i) may be the configured UE transmit power for subframei of serving cell c.

-   -   P_(rach-offset) may be a parameter whose value is given from        which RS that was used when estimating PL_(c). In an example,        P_(rach-offset) may depend on a state of a UE when the UE        transmits a random access preamble. If SS is used,        P_(rach-offset) may take on a first value. If CSI-RS is used,        P_(rach-offset) may take on a second value. The first and second        values per RS type for P_(rach-offset) may be configurable by        the gNB. A gNB may transmit one or more messages (e.g. RRC)        comprising one or more parameters for one or more        P_(rach-offset) values. By performing the configuration, it may        be possible to let the UE compensate for the difference in        beamforming gain by the gNB when receiving an UL transmission        and when transmitting a certain RS. In an example, the first        value may be zero by default, and a second value may be a        configurable value (or vice versa). In an example configuration,        the first value may be configured the same value as the second        value.    -   PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set to        PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower+DELTA_PREAMBLE+(COUNTER−1)*powerRampingStep        -   if the UE is a BL UE or a UE in enhanced coverage, the            PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set to            PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower−10*log₁₀(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt)        -   if NB-IoT:            -   for enhanced coverage level 0, the                PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set to:                PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER=preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower−10*log₁₀(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt)            -   for other enhanced coverage levels, the                PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER may be set corresponding                to the max UE output power;        -   if the UE is an NB-IoT UE, a BL UE or a UE in enhanced            coverage:            -   may instruct the physical layer to transmit a preamble                with the number of repetitions required for preamble                transmission corresponding to the selected preamble                group (e.g., numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt) using the                selected PRACH corresponding to the selected enhanced                coverage level, corresponding RA-RNTI, preamble index or                for NB-IoT subcarrier index, and                PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.        -   else:            -   may instruct the physical layer to transmit a preamble                using the selected PRACH, corresponding RA-RNTI,                preamble index and PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER.

In an example, preambleInitialReceiveTargetPower, powerRampingStep, andnumRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt may be from System Information Block(SIB). DELTA_PREAMBLE may be determined based on the preamble format,which is given by prach-ConfigIndex defined in System Information Block(SIB), as illustrated in FIG. 25. COUNTER may begin from 0 and beincremented by 1 by the MAC entity whenever a random access responsereception is considered not successful.

In the RACH preamble retransmission, if a UE select a RACH resourcesdifferent from the one selected in the previous RACH attempt, COUNTERmay remain unchanged as illustrated in FIG. 30. In the RACH preambleretransmission, if a UE use a UE TX beam different from the one used inprevious RACH attempt, COUNTER may remain unchanged as illustrated inFIG. 30.

FIG. 35 shows an example of a counter. In an example, a wireless devicemay perform a first RA attempt during which the wireless device maytransmit one or more first preambles to a base station before anexpiration of an RAR window. The wireless device may employ a counterthat may remain unchanged during a transmission of the one or more firstpreambles before an expiration of the RAR window. In response to no RARdetected during the RAR window, the wireless device may perform a secondRA attempt, wherein the wireless device may transmit one or more secondpreambles. In response to no RAR detected, the wireless device mayincrement the counter by one and employ the counter to determine a RAramping power value for the one or more second preamble transmissionsduring the second RA attempt. For example, the wireless device maycompare the counter value with a threshold (preconfigured, and/orpredefined) to determine if the wireless device transmit the one or moresecond preambles. If the counter value exceeds the threshold, thewireless device may determine a failure of RA procedure. In response tothe failure of RA procedure, the wireless device may reset the counter.If the counter does not exceed the threshold, the wireless device maytransmit the one or more second preambles. In response to receiving atleast one RAR from a base station the wireless device may consider theRA procedure is successfully completed and may reset the counter.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters of one or more random accesschannels; initiate a random access procedure for transmitting aplurality of random access preambles via the one or more random accesschannels; calculate one or more preamble transmission powers for each ofa first plurality of random access preambles employing a first counter;monitor a control channel for a random access response during a randomaccess response window; and increment the first counter by one fortransmitting the first plurality of random access preambles on aplurality of radio beams; terminate the random access procedure when thefirst counter reaches a first value and no random access response isreceived.

In an example, the incrementing may be performed if the wireless devicereceives no RAR within a RAR window, or if none of received RARscontains any of one or more RA preamble identifiers corresponding thetransmitted one or more RA preamble.

In the 4-step RA procedure under the multi-beam scenario, the DL Tx beamdetermination may be based on the reception of preamble transmission atgNB.

In the RA procedure, a UE may select a DL timing reference based onreceived SS block from gNB, select a subset of RACH preamble indices,and transmit a PRACH preamble based on the DL timing. The gNB mayidentify which SS block (NR-PSS, NR-SSS, PBCH and perhaps NR-TSS) beamis the best for the UE based on the association between SS blocks andthe receiving PRACH preamble indices. The gNB may inform the UE of thedetected best beam via a RAR identified by RA-RATI, and the informedbeam may be used for subsequent DL transmission and/or for selecting agNB RX beam for receiving subsequent UL transmission based on the gNBTX/RX beam correspondence. If the informed beam is used for subsequentDL/UL transmission, the UE may use the total power ramp-up accumulatedfrom the first to the last preamble retransmission (when preamble isramped up at least once) in the RA procedure in the same cell as a poweroffset in the UL transmit power of subsequent UL data transmission.

A UE may switch to another beam during the RA procedure. For example, ifmeasurement reports on multiple beams are available at an early timeduring the RA procedure, gNB and/or a UE may switch the beams and/ortrigger the beam refinement procedure to have a narrower beam. Such beammeasurement reporting may be based on a SS-block and/or periodic CSI-RSRSRP measurements. Enhancing beam management (e.g., beam switchingand/or beam refinement) during the RA procedure may be based onreporting one or more DL Tx beams and/or quality. A UE may include suchbeam information in Msg1 transmission. For example, the RA procedure mayhave an association between CSI-RS for L3 mobility and subset of RACHresources and/or subset of RACH preamble indices in addition to theassociation between SS blocks and subset of RACH resources and/or subsetof RACH preamble indices. The RACH resource/preamble partitioning may bebased on the pathloss measured at a UE. It may be possible that a CSI-RSfor L3 mobility and a SS block may be mapped to the same subset of RACHresources and/or subset of RACH preamble indices to implicitly informthe association between CSI-RS for L3 mobility and SS blocks. In such acase, if both SS and CSI-RS measurements are available to a UE, then theUE may inform gNB of the preferred beams and/or beam qualitycorresponding to SS blocks and/or CSI-RS by selecting associated subsetof RACH resources and/or subset of RACH preamble indices. From thereception of preamble transmissions, gNB may identify one or more SSbeams as well as one or more CSI-RS beam that the UE prefers. gNB maytransmit a RAR using the SS beam that the UE prefers. The RAR maycontain an indicator of beam switching to CSI-RS beam, which is reportedwith preferred SS beams by the UE. In this case, the UE may reset aramp-up power value to zero as a power offset in the UL transmit power,not using the total power ramp-up accumulated from the first to the lastpreamble retransmission. In an example, a UE may change a beam andselect a different beam compared with the beam employed for preambletransmission. In this case, the UE may reset a ramp-up power value tozero as a power offset in the UL transmit power, not using the totalpower ramp-up accumulated from the first to the last preambleretransmission.

In New Radio, a wireless device switches a beam from a first beam to asecond beam during a random access procedure. In an example,Implementation of existing random access mechanisms may result ininefficient uplink transmission power determination, increase a batterypower consumption, and increase the amount of interference.

There is a need to enhance uplink transmission power determinationprocess(es) to improve uplink transmission in a wireless device. In anexample embodiment, a new uplink transmission power determinationprocess may be implemented when switching a beam from a first beam to asecond beam. An example embodiment may determine transmission powers ofa transmissions subsequent to a RA procedure to improve uplink powercontrol. Determination to reuse or not to reuse a ramping power in asubsequent transmission may improve an uplink transmit power control,and reduce an amount of interference to generate. In an exampleembodiment, a base station may transmit one or more messages (e.g. RAR)comprising a request of beam switching for a wireless device. Theexample mechanism may reduce a battery power consumption in a wirelessdevice. Example embodiments improve an accuracy of uplink power control.

In an example, a UE may transmit to and/or receive from a base stationone or more signals to switch one beam to another beam, e.g., between SSblock associated beams, between CSI-RS associated beam, and/or between aSS bock associated beam and a CSI-RS associated beam. For example, theone or more signals may comprise at least one of a first messagerequesting beam switching, a second message configuring the beamswitching, and/or a third message confirming a confirmation ofimplementation of the beam switching. Switching a beam during a RAprocedure may significantly reduce a signaling overhead. For example, abase station may employ the switching the beam during the RA procedurefor a beam refinement purpose. In an example, there may need two beammanagement procedures to switch a wide beam to a narrower beam: a firstbeam management procedure to determine the wide beam; and a second beammanagement procedure to switch from the wide beam to the narrower beam.Each procedure may require one or more signals exchanged between a basestation and a UE. If the second beam management procedure is integratedinto the first beam management procedure, the signal overhead may bereduced dramatically.

In an example, a UE may receive, from a base station, an RAR that mayrequest to switch a beam from a first beam to a second beam. The UE mayhave a non-zero ramping power accumulated based on the first beam. Forexample, the UE may have performed one or more RA retransmission withthe first beam wherein the UE increase the ramping power for at leastone of the one or more RA retransmission. For example, the UE maydetermine the ramping power value by taking into account the RFenvironment of the first beam. When the UE switches the first beam tothe second beam the RF environment may change, e.g., the antenna gainand/or pathloss exponent may change. If the UE employ the ramping power,that has increased based on the first beam, for a transmission with thesecond beam, the transmission may generate unnecessary interference,e.g., because of the changed RF environment. If the UE employ theramping power, that has increased based on the first beam, for atransmission with the second beam, a transmit power for the transmissionmay not enough for a base station to detect and/or to decode data in thetransmission. Thus, the UE may determine if the UE employ a rampingpower accumulated during a RA procedure for the switched beam.

FIG. 36 shows an example embodiment determining a use of accumulatedramping power value. In an example, a wireless device may perform a RAprocedure. The wireless device may transmit one or more first preambleswith a first transmit power. If, during a RAR window, the wirelessdevice does not receive from, a base station, any RAR corresponding toat least one of the one or more first preambles, the wireless device mayretransmit one or more second preambles to the base station with asecond transmit power, wherein the second transmit power may employ aramping power value (e.g., to increase a success rate of the one or moresecond preamble transmission). If the wireless device receives, from thebase station, at least one RAR corresponding to at least one of the oneor more first preambles with a beam switching indication from a firstbeam to a second beam, the wireless device may or may not employ theramping power accumulated during the RA procedure for the subsequenttransmission (e.g., Msg3 transmission). For example, the wireless devicemay employ the ramping power accumulated during the RA procedure todetermine a transmit power for the subsequent transmission if the firstbeam and the second beam are the same. For example, the wireless devicemay not employ the ramping power accumulated during the RA procedure todetermine the transmit power for the subsequent transmission if thefirst beam is different from the second beam.

In an example, a UE may determine which preamble transmission wassuccessful, based on a value of RA-RNTI. In an example, RA-RNTI may becalculated employing at least a time (e.g. TTI, slot, subframe) indexand a frequency index, and or other parameters of RACH resources inwhich a corresponding preamble is transmitted.

Example power control mechanism is described here. Some detailedparameters are provided in examples. The basic processes may beimplemented in technologies such as LTE, New Radio, and/or othertechnologies. A radio technology may have its own specific parameters.Example embodiments describe a method for implementing power controlmechanism. Other example embodiments of the invention using differentparameters may be implemented. Some example embodiments enhance physicallayer power control mechanisms when some layer 2 parameters are takeninto account.

In an example embodiment, downlink power control may determine theEnergy Per Resource Element (EPRE). The term resource element energy maydenote the energy prior to CP insertion. The term resource elementenergy may denote the average energy taken over constellation points forthe modulation scheme applied. Uplink power control determines theaverage power over a SC-FDMA symbol in which the physical channel may betransmitted.

Uplink power control may control the transmit power of the differentuplink physical channels.

In an example, if a UE is configured with a LAA SCell for uplinktransmissions, the UE may apply the procedures described for PUSCH andSRS in this clause assuming frame structure type 1 for the LAA SCellunless stated otherwise.

In an example, for PUSCH, the transmit power {circumflex over(P)}_(PUSCH,c)(i), by be first scaled by the ratio of the number ofantennas ports with a non-zero PUSCH transmission to the number ofconfigured antenna ports for the transmission scheme. The resultingscaled power may be then split equally across the antenna ports on whichthe non-zero PUSCH is transmitted. For PUCCH or SRS, the transmit power{circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i), or {circumflex over (P)}_(SRS,c)(i)may be split equally across the configured antenna ports for PUCCH orSRS. {circumflex over (P)}_(SRS,c)(i) may be the linear value ofP_(SRS,c)(i). A cell wide overload indicator (OI) and a HighInterference Indicator (HII) to control UL interference may beparameters in LTE technology.

In an example, for a serving cell with frame structure type 1, a UE isnot expected to be configured with UplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0.

In an example, if the UE is configured with a SCG, the UE may apply theprocedures described in this clause for both MCG and SCG

-   -   When the procedures are applied for MCG, the terms ‘secondary        cell’, ‘secondary cells’, ‘serving cell’, ‘serving cells’ in        this clause refer to secondary cell, secondary cells, serving        cell, serving cells belonging to the MCG respectively.    -   When the procedures are applied for SCG, the terms ‘secondary        cell’, ‘secondary cells’, ‘serving cell’, ‘serving cells’ in        this clause refer to secondary cell, secondary cells (not        including PSCell), serving cell, serving cells belonging to the        SCG respectively. The term ‘primary cell’ in this clause refers        to the PSCell of the SCG.

In an example, if the UE is configured with a PUCCH-SCell, the UE mayapply the procedures described in this clause for both primary PUCCHgroup and secondary PUCCH group

-   -   When the procedures are applied for primary PUCCH group, the        terms ‘secondary cell’, ‘secondary cells’, ‘serving cell’,        ‘serving cells’ in this clause refer to secondary cell,        secondary cells, serving cell, serving cells belonging to the        primary PUCCH group respectively.    -   When the procedures are applied for secondary PUCCH group, the        terms ‘secondary cell’, ‘secondary cells’, ‘serving cell’,        ‘serving cells’ in this clause refer to secondary cell,        secondary cells, serving cell, serving cells belonging to the        secondary PUCCH group respectively.

In an example, if the UE transmits PUSCH without a simultaneous PUCCHfor the serving cell c, then the UE transmit power P_(PUSCH,c)(i) forPUSCH transmission in subframe i for the serving cell c may be given by

${P_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} = {\min{\begin{Bmatrix}{{P_{{CMAX},c}(i)},} \\{{10\;{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} \right)}} +} \\{{P_{{O\_{PUSCH}},c}(j)} +} \\{{{\alpha_{c}(j)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {f_{c}(i)}}\end{Bmatrix}\mspace{14mu}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

In an example, if the UE transmits PUSCH simultaneous with PUCCH for theserving cell c, then the UE transmit power P_(PUSCH,c)(i) for the PUSCHtransmission in subframe i for the serving cell c may be given by

${P_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} = {\min{\begin{Bmatrix}{{10{\log_{10}\left( {{{\hat{P}}_{{CMAX},c}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)}} \right)}},} \\\begin{matrix}{{10{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} \right)}} + {P_{{O\;\_\;{PUSCH}},c}(j)} +} \\{{{\alpha_{c}(j)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {f_{c}(i)}}\end{matrix}\end{Bmatrix}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

In an example, if the UE is not transmitting PUSCH for the serving cellc, for the accumulation of TPC command received with DCI format 3/3A forPUSCH, the UE may assume that the UE transmit power P_(PUSCH,c)(i) forthe PUSCH transmission in subframe i for the serving cell c is computedbyP _(PUSCH,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P _(O_PUSCH,c)(1)+α_(c)(1)·PL_(c) +f_(c)(i)} [dBm]

In an example, depending on accumulation is enabled or not, f_(c)(*) maybe an accumulation or current absolute value. For both types of f_(c)(*)(accumulation or current absolute) the first value is set as follows:

-   -   In an example, if P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c) value is changed by higher        layers and serving cell c is the primary cell or, if        P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c) value is received by higher layers and serving        cell c is a Secondary cell        f _(c)(0)=0    -   else        f _(c)(0)=ΔP _(rampupc)+δ_(msg2,c), where    -   δ_(msg 2,c) is the TPC command indicated in the random access        response corresponding to the random access preamble transmitted        in the serving cell c    -   ΔP_(rampup,c)=0 if the UE receives the random access response        message for a serving cell c, and there is a beam-switching        order to another beam in the random access response message.        Otherwise,

${\Delta\; P_{{rampup},c}} = {\min\left\lbrack {\left\{ {\max\left( {0,{P_{{CMAX},c} - \begin{pmatrix}{{10{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUSCH},c}(0)} \right)}} +} \\{{P_{{O\;\_\;{PUSCH}},c}(2)} + \delta_{{msg}\; 2} +} \\{{{\alpha_{c}(2)} \cdot {PL}} + {\Delta_{{TF},c}(0)}}\end{pmatrix}}} \right)} \right\},{\Delta\; P_{{rampuprequested},c}}} \right\rbrack}$where ΔP_(rampuprequested,c) is provided by higher layers andcorresponds to the total power ramp-up requested by higher layers fromthe first to the last preamble in the serving cell c. WhenΔP_(rampuprequested,c)=0, then f_(c)(0)=δ_(msg2,c).

-   -   In an example, if P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c,2) value is received by higher        layers for a serving cell c.        f _(c,2)(0)=0

In an example, P_(CMAX,c)(i) may be the configured UE transmit power insubframe i for serving cell c and {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX,c) (i) maybe the linear value of P_(CMAX,c)(i). In an example, if the UE transmitsPUCCH without PUSCH in subframe i for the serving cell c, for theaccumulation of TPC command received with DCI format 3/3A for PUSCH, theUE may assume P_(CMAX,c)(i). In an example, if the UE does not transmitPUCCH and PUSCH in subframe i for the serving cell c, for theaccumulation of TPC command received with DCI format 3/3A for PUSCH, theUE may compute P_(CMAX,c)(i) assuming MPR=0 dB, A-MPR=0 dB, P-MPR=0 dBand ΔTC=0 dB, where MPR, A-MPR, P-MPR and ΔTC may be pre-defined in LTEtechnology. {circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i) may be the linear value ofP_(PUCCH)(i). M_(PUSCH, c)(i) may be the bandwidth of the PUSCH resourceassignment expressed in number of resource blocks valid for subframe iand serving cell C.

In an example, if the UE may be configured with higher layer parameterUplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0 for serving cell c and if subframe ibelongs to uplink power control subframe set 2 as indicated by thehigher layer parameter tpc-SubframeSet-r12,

-   -   when j=0,        P_(O_PUSCH,c)(0)=P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c,2)(0)+P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,c,2)(0)        where j=0 may be used for PUSCH (re)transmissions corresponding        to a semi-persistent grant. P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c,2)(0) and        P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,c,2)(0) may be the parameters        p0-UE-PUSCH-Persistent-SubframeSet2-r12 and        p0-NominalPUSCH-Persistent-SubframeSet2-r12 respectively        provided by higher layers, for a serving cell c.    -   when j=1,        P_(O_PUSCH,c)(1)=P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c,2)(1)+P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,c,2)(1),        where j=1 may be used for PUSCH (re)transmissions corresponding        to a dynamic scheduled grant. P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c,2)(1) and        P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,c,2)(1) may be the parameters        p0-UE-PUSCH-SubframeSet2-r12 and        p0-NominalPUSCH-SubframeSet2-r12 respectively, provided by        higher layers for serving cell c.    -   when j=2,        P_(O_PUSCH,c)(2)=P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c)(2)+P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,c)(2)        where P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c)(2)=0 and        P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,c)(2)=P_(O_PRE)+Δ_(PREAMBLE_Msg 3,) where the        parameter preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower (P_(O_PRE)) and        Δ_(PREAMBLE_Msg 3) may be signalled from higher layers for        serving cell c, where j=2 may be used for PUSCH        (re)transmissions corresponding to the random access response        grant.        Otherwise    -   P_(O_PUSCH, c)(j) may be a parameter composed of the sum of a        component P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH, c)(j) provided from higher layers        for j=0 and 1 and a component P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c)(j) provided by        higher layers for j=0 and 1 for serving cell c. For PUSCH        (re)transmissions corresponding to a semi-persistent grant then        j=0, for PUSCH (re)transmissions corresponding to a dynamic        scheduled grant then j=1 and for PUSCH (re)transmissions        corresponding to the random access response grant then j=2.        P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c)(2)=0 and        P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH, c)(2)=P_(O_PRE)+Δ_(PREAMBLE_Msg 3) where the        parameter preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower (P_(O_PRE)) and        Δ_(PREAMBLE_Msg 3) may be signalled higher layers for serving        cell c.

In an example, if the UE may be configured with higher layer parameterUplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0 for serving cell c and if subframe ibelongs to uplink power control subframe set 2 as indicated by thehigher layer parameter tpc-SubframeSet-r12,

-   -   For j=0 or 1, α_(c)(j)=α_(c,2)∈{0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9,        1}. α_(c,2) may be the parameter alpha-SubframeSet2-r12 provided        by higher layers for a serving cell c.    -   For j=2, α_(c)(j)=1.        Otherwise    -   For j=0 or 1, α_(c)∈{0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1} may be        a 3-bit parameter provided by higher layers for serving cell c.        For j=2, α_(c)(j)=1.

PL_(c) may be the downlink path loss estimate calculated in the UE forserving cell c in dB and PL_(c)=referenceSignalPower−higher layerfiltered RSRP, where referenceSignalPower may be provided by higherlayers and RSRP may be defined for the reference serving cell and thehigher layer filter configuration may be defined for the referenceserving cell.

-   -   In an example, if serving cell c belongs to a TAG containing the        primary cell then, for the uplink of the primary cell, the        primary cell may be used as the reference serving cell for        determining referenceSignalPower and higher layer filtered RSRP.        For the uplink of the secondary cell, the serving cell        configured by the higher layer parameter        pathlossReferenceLinking may be used as the reference serving        cell for determining referenceSignalPower and higher layer        filtered RSRP.    -   In an example, if serving cell c belongs to a TAG containing the        PSCell then, for the uplink of the PSCell, the PSCell may be        used as the reference serving cell for determining        referenceSignalPower and higher layer filtered RSRP; for the        uplink of the secondary cell other than PSCell, the serving cell        configured by the higher layer parameter        pathlossReferenceLinking may be used as the reference serving        cell for determining referenceSignalPower and higher layer        filtered RSRP.    -   In an example, if serving cell c belongs to a TAG not containing        the primary cell or PSCell then serving cell c may be used as        the reference serving cell for determining referenceSignalPower        and higher layer filtered RSRP.

Δ_(TF,c)(i) 10 log₁₀((2^(BPRE·K) ^(s) −1)·β_(offset) ^(PUSCH)) forK_(S)=1.25 and 0 for K_(S)=0 where K_(S) may be given by the parameterdeltaMCS-Enabled provided by higher layers for a serving cell c. BPREand β_(offset) ^(PUSCH), for a serving cell c, may be computed as below.K_(S)=0 for transmission mode 2.

-   -   BPRE=O_(CQI)/N_(RE) for control data sent via PUSCH without        UL-SCH data and

$\sum\limits_{r = 0}^{C - 1}\;{K_{r}/N_{RE}}$for other cases.

-   -   where C may be the number of code blocks, K_(r) may be the size        for code block r, O_(CQI) may be the number of CQI/PMI bits        including CRC bits and N_(RE) may be the number of resource        elements determined as N_(RE)=M_(sc) ^(PUSCH-initial)·N_(symb)        ^(PUSCH-initial), where C, K_(r), M_(sc) ^(PUSCH-initial) and        N_(symb) ^(PUSCH-initial) may be pre-defined in LTE technology.    -   β_(offset) ^(PUSCH)=β_(offset) ^(CQI) for control data sent via        PUSCH without UL-SCH data and 1 for other cases.

δ_(PUSCH, c) may be a correction value, also referred to as a TPCcommand and may be included in PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI format0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B or in MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A for serving cell c orjointly coded with other TPC commands in PDCCH/MPDCCH with DCI format3/3A whose CRC parity bits may be scrambled with TPC-PUSCH-RNTI. In anexample, if the UE may be configured with higher layer parameterUplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0 for serving cell c and if subframe ibelongs to uplink power control subframe set 2 as indicated by thehigher layer parameter tpc-SubframeSet-r12, the current PUSCH powercontrol adjustment state for serving cell c may be given by f_(c,2)(i),and the UE may use f_(c,2) (i) instead of f_(c)(i) to determineP_(PUSCH,c)(i) Otherwise, the current PUSCH power control adjustmentstate for serving cell c may be given by f_(c)(i).

In an example, f_(c,2)(i) and f_(c)(i) may be defined by:

-   -   f_(c)(i)=f_(c)(i−1)+δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) and        f_(c,2)(i)=f_(c,2)(i−1)+δ_(PUSCH,c) (i−K_(PUSCH)) if        accumulation may be enabled based on the parameter        Accumulation-enabled provided by higher layers or if the TPC        command δ_(PUSCH, c) may be included in a PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI        format 0 or in a MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A for serving cell c        where the CRC may be scrambled by the Temporary C-RNTI, where        δ_(PUSCH, c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) was signalled on PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI        format 0/0A/0b/4/4A/4B or MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A or        PDCCH/MPDCCH with DCI format 3/3A on subframe i−K_(PUSCH), and        where f_(c)(0) may be the first value after reset of        accumulation. For a BL/CE UE configured with CEModeA, subframe        i−K_(PUSCH) may be the last subframe in which the MPDCCH with        DCI format 6-0A or MPDCCH with DCI format 3/3A may be        transmitted.

The value of K_(PUSCH) may be

-   -   For FDD or FDD-TDD and serving cell frame structure type 1,        K_(PUSCH)=4    -   For TDD, if the UE may be configured with more than one serving        cell and the TDD UL/DL configuration of at least two configured        serving cells may be not the same, or if the UE may be        configured with the parameter EIMTA-MainConfigServCell-r12 for        at least one serving cell, or for FDD-TDD and serving cell frame        structure type 2, the “TDD UL/DL configuration” refers to the        UL-reference UL/DL configuration for serving cell c.    -   For TDD UL/DL configurations 1-6, K_(PUSCH) may be given as a        table in FIG. 33.    -   For TDD UL/DL configuration 0    -   In an example, if the PUSCH transmission in subframe 2 or 7 may        be scheduled with a PDCCH/EPDCCH of DCI format 0/4 or a MPDCCH        of DCI format 6-0A in which the LSB of the UL index may be set        to 1, K_(PUSCH)=7    -   For other PUSCH transmissions, K_(PUSCH) may be given as a table        in FIG. 33.

For a serving cell with frame structure type 3, For an uplink DCI format0A/0B/4A/4B with PUSCH trigger A set to 0, K_(PUSCH) may be equal tok+1, where k and l may be pre-defined in LTE technology. For an uplinkDCI format 0A/0B/4A/4B with PUSCH trigger A set to 1 and upon thedetection of PDCCH with DCI CRC scrambled by CC-RNTI and with ‘PUSCHtrigger B’ field set to ‘1’, K_(PUSCH) may be equal to p+k+l, where p, kand l may be pre-defined in LTE technology. In an example, if a UEdetected multiple TPC commands in subframe i−K_(PUSCH), the UE may usethe TPC command in the PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI format 0A/0B/4A/4B whichschedules PUSCH transmission in subframe i.

For serving cell c and a non-BL/CE UE, the UE attempts to decode aPDCCH/EPDCCH of DCI format 0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B with the UE's C-RNTI or DCIformat 0 for SPS C-RNTI and a PDCCH of DCI format 3/3A with this UE'sTPC-PUSCH-RNTI in every subframe except when in DRX or where servingcell c may be deactivated.

For serving cell c and a BL/CE UE configured with CEModeA, the UEattempts to decode a MPDCCH of DCI format 6-0A with the UE's C-RNTI orSPS C-RNTI and a MPDCCH of DCI format 3/3A with this UE's TPC-PUSCH-RNTIin every BL/CE downlink subframe except when in DRX

For a non-BL/CE UE, if DCI format 0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B for serving cell c andDCI format 3/3A may be both detected in the same subframe, then the UEmay use the δ_(PUSCH, c) provided in DCI format 0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B.

For a BL/CE UE configured with CEModeA, if DCI format 6-0A for servingcell c and DCI format 3/3A may be both detected in the same subframe,then the UE may use the δ_(PUSCH, c) provided in DCI format 6-0A.

-   -   δ_(PUSCH, c)=0 dB for a subframe where no TPC command may be        decoded for serving cell c or where DRX occurs or i may be not        an uplink subframe in TDD or FDD-TDD and serving cell c frame        structure type 2.    -   δ_(PUSCH,c)=0 dB if the subframe i may be not the first subframe        scheduled by a PDCCH/EPDCCH of DCI format 0B/4B.    -   The δ_(PUSCH, c) dB accumulated values signalled on PDCCH/EPDCCH        with DCI format 0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B or MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A        may be given as a table in FIG. 34A. In an example, if the        PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI format 0 or MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A        may be validated as a SPS activation or release        PDCCH/EPDCCH/MPDCCH, then δ_(PUSCH, c) may be 0 dB.    -   The δ_(PUSCH) dB accumulated values signalled on PDCCH/MPDCCH        with DCI format 3/3A may be one of SET1 given as a table in FIG.        34A or SET2 given as a table FIG. 34B as determined by the        parameter TPC-Index provided by higher layers.

In an example, if UE has reached P_(CMAX,c)(i) for serving cell c,positive TPC commands for serving cell c may not be accumulated

In an example, if UE has reached minimum power, negative TPC commandsmay not be accumulated.

In an example, if the UE may be not configured with higher layerparameter UplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0 for serving cell c, the UEmay reset accumulation

-   -   For serving cell c, when P_(O_UE_PUSCH, c) value may be changed        by higher layers    -   For serving cell c, when the UE receives random access response        message for serving cell c

In an example, if the UE may be configured with higher layer parameterUplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0 for serving cell c,

-   -   the UE may reset accumulation corresponding to f_(c)(*) for        serving cell c        -   when P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c) value may be changed by higher layers        -   when the UE receives random access response message for            serving cell c    -   the UE may reset accumulation corresponding to f_(c,2)(*) for        serving cell c        -   when P_(O_UE_PUSCH,c,2) value may be changed by higher            layers

In an example, if the UE may be configured with higher layer parameterUplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0 for serving cell c and

-   -   if subframe i belongs to uplink power control subframe set 2 as        indicated by the higher layer parameter tpc-SubframeSet-r12        f_(c) (i)=f_(c) (i−1)    -   if subframe i does not belong to uplink power control subframe        set 2 as indicated by the higher layer parameter        tpc-SubframeSet-r12 f_(c,2)(i)=f_(c,2)(i−1)

f_(c)(i)−δ_(PUSCH, c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) andf_(c,2)(i)=δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) if accumulation may be not enabledfor serving cell c based on the parameter Accumulation-enabled providedby higher layers where δ_(PUSCH,c)(i−K_(PUSCH)) was signalled onPDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI format 0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B or MPDCCH with DCI format6-0A for serving cell c on subframe i−K_(PUSCH). For a BL/CE UEconfigured with CEModeA, subframe i−K_(PUSCH) may be the last subframein which the MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A or MPDCCH with DCI format 3/3Amay be transmitted.

The value of K_(PUSCH) may be

-   -   For FDD or FDD-TDD and serving cell frame structure type 1,        K_(PUSCH)=4    -   For TDD, if the UE may be configured with more than one serving        cell and the TDD UL/DL configuration of at least two configured        serving cells may be not the same, or if the UE may be        configured with the parameter EIMTA-MainConfigServCell-r12 for        at least one serving cell, or FDD-TDD and serving cell frame        structure type 2, the “TDD UL/DL configuration” refers to the        UL-reference UL/DL configuration for serving cell c.    -   For TDD UL/DL configurations 1-6, K_(PUSCH) may be given as a        table in FIG. 33.    -   For TDD UL/DL configuration 0        -   In an example, if the PUSCH transmission in subframe 2 or 7            may be scheduled with a PDCCH/EPDCCH of DCI format 0/4 or a            MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A in which the LSB of the UL index            may be set to 1, K_(PUSCH)=7        -   For other PUSCH transmissions, K_(PUSCH) may be given as a            table in FIG. 33.    -   For a serving cell with frame structure type 3,        -   For an uplink DCI format 0A/4A with PUSCH trigger A set to            0, K_(PUSCH) may be equal to k+l, where k and l may be            pre-defined in LTE technology.        -   For an uplink DCI format 0B/4B with PUSCH trigger A set to            0, K_(PUSCH) may be equal to k+l+i′ with i′=mod(n_(HARQ_ID)            ^(i)−n_(HARQ_ID),N_(HARQ)), where n_(HARQ_ID) ^(i) may be            HARQ process number in subframe i, and k, l, n_(HARQ_ID) and            N_(HARQ) may be pre-defined in LTE technology.        -   For an uplink DCI format 0A/4A with PUSCH trigger A set to 1            and upon the detection of PDCCH with DCI CRC scrambled by            CC-RNTI and with ‘PUSCH trigger B’ field set to ‘1’,            K_(PUSCH) may be equal to p+k+l, where p, k and l may be            pre-defined in LTE technology.        -   For an uplink DCI format 0B/4B with PUSCH trigger A set to 1            and upon the detection of PDCCH with DCI CRC scrambled by            CC-RNTI and with ‘PUSCH trigger B’ field set to ‘1’,            K_(PUSCH) may be equal to p+k+l+i′ with i′=mod(n_(HARQ)ID)            ^(i)−n_(HARQ_ID),N_(HARQ)) where n^(i) _(HARQ_ID) may be            HARQ process number in subframe i, and p, k, l, n_(HARQ_ID)            and N_(HARQ) may be pre-defined in LTE technology.    -   In an example, if a UE detected multiple TPC commands in        subframe i−K_(PUSCH), the UE may use the TPC command in the        PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI format 0A/0B/4A/4B which schedules PUSCH        transmission in subframe i.

The δ_(PUSCH,c) dB absolute values signalled on PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCIformat 0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B or a MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A may be given asa table in FIG. 34A. In an example, if the PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI format0 or a MPDCCH with DCI format 6-0A may be validated as a SPS activationor release PDCCH/EPDCCH/MPDCCH, then δ_(PUSCH,c) may be 0 dB.

-   -   for a non-BL/CE UE, f_(c)(i)=f_(c)(i−1) and        f_(c,2)(i)=f_(c,2)(i−1) for a subframe where no PDCCH/EPDCCH        with DCI format 0/0A/0B/4/4A/4B may be decoded for serving cell        c or where DRX occurs or i may be not an uplink subframe in TDD        or FDD-TDD and serving cell c frame structure type 2.    -   for a BL/CE UE configured with CEModeA, f_(c)(i)=f_(c)(i−1) and        f_(c,2)(i)=f_(c,2)(i−1) for a subframe where no MPDCCH with DCI        format 6-0A may be decoded for serving cell c or where DRX        occurs or i may be not an uplink subframe in TDD.

In an example, if the UE may be configured with higher layer parameterUplinkPowerControlDedicated-v12x0 for serving cell c and

-   -   if subframe i belongs to uplink power control subframe set 2 as        indicated by the higher layer parameter tpc-SubframeSet-r12        f_(c)(i)=f_(c)(i−1)    -   if subframe i does not belong to uplink power control subframe        set 2 as indicated by the higher layer parameter        tpc-SubframeSet-r12 f_(c,2)(i)=f_(c,2)(i−1)

In an example, if serving cell c may be the primary cell, for PUCCHformat 1/1a/0b/2/2a/2b/3, the setting of the UE Transmit power P_(PUCCH)for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission in subframei for serving cell c may be defined by

${P_{PUCCH}(i)} = {\min{\begin{Bmatrix}{{P_{{CMAX},C}(i)},} \\\begin{matrix}{P_{0\_\; P\;{UCCH}} + {PL}_{c} + {h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} +} \\{{\Delta_{F\;\_\;{PUCCH}}(F)} + {\Delta_{TxD}\left( F^{\prime} \right)} + {g(i)}}\end{matrix}\end{Bmatrix}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

In an example, if serving cell c may be the primary cell, for PUCCHformat 4/5, the setting of the UE Transmit power P_(PUCCH) for thephysical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission in subframe i forserving cell c may be defined by

${P_{PUCCH}(i)} = {\min{\begin{Bmatrix}{{P_{{CMAX},C}(i)},} \\\begin{matrix}{P_{0\_\; P\;{UCCH}} + {PL}_{c} + {10{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUCCH},c}(i)} \right)}} +} \\{{\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {\Delta_{F,{PUCCH}}(F)} + {g(i)}}\end{matrix}\end{Bmatrix}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}$

In an example, if the UE may be not transmitting PUCCH for the primarycell, for the accumulation of TPC command for PUCCH, the UE may assumethat the UE transmit power P_(PUCCH) for PUCCH in subframe i may becomputed byP _(PUCCH)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P _(0_PUCCH)+PL_(c) +g(i)} [dBm]

In an example,

${g(i)} = {{g\left( {i - 1} \right)} + {\sum\limits_{m = 0}^{M - 1}\;{\delta_{PUCCH}\left( {i - k_{m}} \right)}}}$where g(i) may be the current PUCCH power control adjustment state andwhere g(0) may be the first value after reset.

-   -   For FDD or FDD-TDD and primary cell frame structure type 1, M=1        and k₀=4.    -   For TDD, values of M and k_(m) may be pre-defined in the LTE        technology.    -   The δ_(PUCCH) dB values signalled on PDCCH with DCI format        1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D or EPDCCH with DCI format        1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D or MPDCCH with DCI format 6-1A may be        given as a table in FIG. 35. In an example, if the PDCCH with        DCI format 1/1A/2/2A/2B/2C/2D or EPDCCH with DCI format        1/1A/2A/2/2B/2C/2D or MPDCCH with DCI format 6-1A may be        validated as an SPS activation PDCCH/EPDCCH/MPDCCH, or the        PDCCH/EPDCCH with DCI format 1A or MPDCCH with DCI format 6-1A        may be validated as an SPS release PDCCH/EPDCCH/MPDCCH, then        δ_(PUCCH) may be 0 dB.    -   The δ_(PUCCH) dB values signalled on PDCCH/MPDCCH with DCI        format 3/3A may be given as a table in FIG. 35 or as a table in        FIG. 36 as semi-statically configured by higher layers.    -   In an example, if P_(O_UE_PUCCH) value may be changed by higher        layers,        g(0)=0        Else        g(0)=ΔP _(rampup)+δ_(msg 2), where    -   δ_(msg 2) may be the TPC command indicated in the random access        response corresponding to the random access preamble transmitted        in the primary cell, and    -   if UE is transmitting PUCCH in subframe i,        -   if the UE receives the random access response message, and            there is a beam-switching order to another beam in the            random access response message, then ΔP_(rampup)=0        -   else,

$\;{P_{rampup} = {{\min\left\lbrack {\left\{ {\max\left( {0,{P_{{CMAX},c} - \begin{pmatrix}{P_{0,{PUCCH}} +} \\{{PL}_{c} + {h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} +} \\{{\Delta_{F\;\_\;{PUCCH}}(F)} + {\Delta_{TxD}\left( F^{\prime} \right)}}\end{pmatrix}}} \right)} \right\},{\Delta\; P_{rampuprequested}}} \right\rbrack}.}}$

-   -   Otherwise,        ΔP _(rampup)=min[{max(0,P _(CMAX,c)−(P _(0_PUCCH)+PL_(c)))},ΔP        _(rampuprequested)]    -   where ΔP_(rampuprequsted) may be provided by higher layers and        corresponds to the total power ramp-up requested by higher        layers from the first to the last preamble in the primary cell.    -   When ΔP_(rampuprequested,c)=0, then g(0)=ΔP_(rampup)+δ_(msg 2).

In an example, if UE has reached P_(CMAX,c)(i) for the primary cell,positive TPC commands for the primary cell may not be accumulated.

In an example, if UE has reached minimum power, negative TPC commandsmay not be accumulated.

UE may reset accumulation

-   -   when P_(O_UE_PUCCH) value may be changed by higher layers    -   when the UE receives a random access response message for the        primary cell    -   g(i)=g(i−1) if i may be not an uplink subframe in TDD or FDD-TDD        and primary cell frame structure type 2.

In an example, P_(CMAX,c)(i) may be the configured UE transmit power insubframe i for serving cell c. In an example, if the UE does nottransmit PUCCH and PUSCH in subframe for the serving cell c, for theaccumulation of TPC command for PUCCH, the UE may compute P_(CMAX, c)(i)assuming MPR=0 dB, A-MPR=0 dB, P-MPR=0 dB and ΔT_(C)=0 dB, where MPR,A-MPR, P-MPR and ΔT_(C) may be pre-defined in LTE technology.

The parameter Δ_(F_PUCCH)(F) may be provided by higher layers. aΔ_(F_PUCCH)(F) value corresponds to a PUCCH format (F) relative to PUCCHformat 1a, where a PUCCH format (F) may be pre-defined in LTEtechnology.

In an example, if the UE may be configured by higher layers to transmitPUCCH on two antenna ports, the value of Δ_(T×D)(F′) may be provided byhigher layers where a PUCCH format F′ may be pre-defined in LTEtechnology; otherwise, Δ_(T×D)(F′)=0.

h(n_(CQI),n_(HARQ),n_(SR)) may be a PUCCH format dependent value, wheren_(CQI) corresponds to the number of information bits for the channelquality information. n_(SR)=1 if subframe i may be configured for SR forthe UE not having any associated transport block for UL-SCH, otherwisen_(SR)=0. In an example, if the UE may be configured with more than oneserving cell, or the UE may be configured with one serving cell andtransmitting using PUCCH format 3, the value of n_(HARQ) may bepre-defined in LTE technology; otherwise, n_(HARQ) may be the number ofHARQ-ACK bits sent in subframe i.

-   -   For PUCCH format 1, 1a and 10b h(n_(CQI), n_(HARQ), n_(SR))=0    -   For PUCCH format 1b with channel selection, if the UE may be        configured with more than one serving cell,

${{h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} = \frac{\left( {n_{HARQ} - 1} \right)}{3}},$otherwise, h(n_(CQI), n_(HARQ), n_(SR))=0

-   -   For PUCCH format 2, 2a, 2b and normal cyclic prefix

${h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{10{\log_{10}\left( \frac{n_{CQI}}{4} \right)}} & {{{if}\mspace{14mu} n_{CQI}} \geq 4} \\0 & {otherwise}\end{matrix} \right.$

-   -   For PUCCH format 2 and extended cyclic prefix

${h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{10{\log_{10}\left( \frac{n_{CQI} + n_{HARQ}}{4} \right)}} & {{{{if}\mspace{14mu} n_{CQI}} + n_{HARQ}} \geq 4} \\0 & {otherwise}\end{matrix} \right.$

-   -   For PUCCH format 3 and when UE transmits HARQ-ACK/SR without        periodic CSI,        -   In an example, if the UE may be configured by higher layers            to transmit PUCCH format 3 on two antenna ports, or if the            UE transmits more than 11 bits of HARQ-ACK/SR

${h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} = \frac{n_{HARQ} + n_{SR} - 1}{3}$

-   -   -   Otherwise

${h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} = \frac{n_{HARQ} + n_{SR} - 1}{2}$

-   -   For PUCCH format 3 and when UE transmits HARQ-ACK/SR and        periodic CSI,        -   In an example, if the UE may be configured by higher layers            to transmit PUCCH format 3 on two antenna ports, or if the            UE transmits more than 11 bits of HARQ-ACK/SR and CSI

${h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} = \frac{n_{HARQ} + n_{SR} + n_{CQI} - 1}{3}$

-   -   -   Otherwise

${h\left( {n_{CQI},n_{HARQ},n_{SR}} \right)} = \frac{n_{HARQ} + n_{SR} + n_{CQI} - 1}{2}$

-   -   For PUCCH format 4, M_(PUCCH,c)(i) may be the bandwidth of the        PUCCH format 4 expressed in number of resource blocks valid for        subframe i and serving cell c. For PUCCH format 5,        M_(PUCCH,c)(i)=1.        Δ_(TF,c)(i)=10 log₁₀(2^(1.25·BPRE(i))−1) where BPRE(i)=O        _(UCI)(i)/N _(RE)(i),    -   O_(UCI)(i) may be the number of HARQ-ACK/SR/RI/CQI/PMI bits        including CRC bits transmitted on PUCCH format 4/5 in subframe        i;    -   N_(RE)(i)=M_(PUCCH,c)(i)·N_(sc) ^(RB)·N_(symb) ^(PUCCH) for        PUCCH format 4 and N_(RE)(i)=N_(sc) ^(RB)·N_(symb) ^(PUCCH)/2        for PUCCH format 5;        -   N_(symb) ^(PUCCH)=2·(N_(symb) ^(UL)−1)−1 if shortened PUCCH            format 4 or shortened PUCCH format 5 may be used in subframe            i and N_(symb) ^(PUCCH)=2·(N_(symb) ^(UL)−1) otherwise.

P_(O_PUCCH) may be a parameter composed of the sum of a parameterP_(O_NOMINAL_PUCCH) provided by higher layers and a parameterP_(O_UE_PUCCH) provided by higher layers.

δ_(PUCCH) may be a UE specific correction value, also referred to as aTPC command, included in a PDCCH with DCI format1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D for the primary cell, or included in a MPDCCHwith DCI format 6-1A, or included in an EPDCCH with DCI format1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D for the primary cell, or sent jointly codedwith other UE specific PUCCH correction values on a PDCCH/MPDCCH withDCI format 3/3A whose CRC parity bits may be scrambled withTPC-PUCCH-RNTI.

-   -   For a non-BL/CE UE, if the UE may be not configured for EPDCCH        monitoring, the UE attempts to decode a PDCCH of DCI format 3/3A        with the UE's TPC-PUCCH-RNTI and one or several PDCCHs of DCI        format 1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D with the UE's C-RNTI or SPS        C-RNTI on every subframe except when in DRX.    -   In an example, if a UE may be configured for EPDCCH monitoring,        the UE attempts to decode        -   a PDCCH of DCI format 3/3A with the UE's TPC-PUCCH-RNTI and            one or several PDCCHs of DCI format 1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D            with the UE's C-RNTI or SPS C-RNTI, and        -   one or several EPDCCHs of DCI format            1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D with the UE's C-RNTI or SPS C-RNTI.    -   For a BL/CE UE configured with CEModeA, the UE attempts to        decode a MPDCCH of DCI format 3/3A with the UE's TPC-PUCCH-RNTI        and MPDCCH of DCI format 6-1A with the UE's C-RNTI or SPS C-RNTI        on every BL/CE downlink subframe except when in DRX.    -   In an example, if the UE decodes        -   a PDCCH with DCI format 1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D or        -   an EPDCCH with DCI format 1A/1B/1D/1/2A/2/2B/2C/2D or        -   an MPDCCH with DCI format 6-1A        -   for the primary cell and the corresponding detected RNTI            equals the C-RNTI or SPS C-RNTI of the UE and the TPC field            in the DCI format may be not used to determine the PUCCH            resource, the UE may use the δ_(PUCCH) provided in that            PDCCH/EPDCCH/MPDCCH.    -   Else        -   if the UE decodes a PDCCH/MPDCCH with DCI format 3/3A, the            UE may use the δ_(PUCCH) provided in that PDCCH/MPDCCH        -   else the UE may set δ_(PUCCH)=0 dB.

For a BL/CE UE configured with CEModeA, if the PUCCH may be transmittedin more than one subframe i₀, i₁, . . . , i_(N-1) where i₀<i₁< . . .<i_(N-1), the PUCCH transmit power in subframe i_(k), k=0, 1, . . . ,N−1 may be determined byP _(PUCCH,c)(i _(k))=P _(PUCCH,c)(i ₀)

For a BL/CE UE configured with CEModeB, the PUCCH transmit power insubframe ik may be determined byP _(PUCCH,c)(i _(k))=P _(CMAX,c)(i ₀)

The setting of the UE Transmit power P_(SRS) for the SRS transmitted onsubframe i for serving cell c may be defined by:

-   -   for serving cell c with frame structure type 2, and not        configured for PUSCH/PUCCH transmission        P _(SRS,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),10 log₁₀(M _(SRS,c))+P        _(O_SRS,c)(m)+α_(SRS,c)·PL_(c) ·f _(SRS,c)(i)} [dBm]    -   otherwise        P _(SRS,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c)(i),P _(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m)+10 log₁₀(M        _(SRS,c))+P _(O_PUSCH,c)(j)+α_(c)(j)·PL_(c) +f _(c))i)} [dBm]

In an example,

-   -   If accumulation may be enabled, f_(SRS,c)(0) may be the first        value after reset of accumulation. The UE may reset accumulation        -   For serving cell c, when P_(O_UE_SRS), value may be changed            by higher layers        -   For serving cell c, when the UE receives random access            response message for serving cell c.    -   For both types of f_(SRS,c)(*) (accumulation or current        absolute) the first value may be set as follows:        -   In an example, if P_(O_UE_SRS), value may be received by            higher layers            f _(SRS,c)(0)=0        -   else            -   if the UE receives the random access response message                for a serving cell c                -   f_(SRS,c)(0)=ΔP_(rampup), where ΔP_(rampup,c)=0 if                    the UE receives the random access response message                    for a serving cell c, and there is a beam-switching                    order to another beam in the random access response                    message. Otherwise,

${\Delta\; P_{{rampup},c}} = {\min\begin{bmatrix}{\left\{ {\max\begin{pmatrix}{0,} \\\begin{matrix}{P_{{CMAX},c} - \left( {{10\log_{10}\left( {M_{{SRS},c}(0)} \right)} +} \right.} \\\left. {{P_{{O\;\_\; S\;{RS}},c}(m)} + {\alpha_{{SRS},c} \cdot {PL}_{c}}} \right)\end{matrix}\end{pmatrix}} \right\},} \\{\Delta\; P_{{rampuprequested},c}}\end{bmatrix}}$

-   -   -   -   -    where ΔP_(rampuprequested,c) may be provided by                    higher layers and corresponds to the total power                    ramp-up requested by higher layers from the first to                    the last preamble in the serving cell c,                    M_(SRS,c)(0) may be the bandwidth of the SRS                    transmission expressed in number of resource blocks                    valid for the subframe of first SRS transmission in                    the serving cell c.

In an example, P_(CMAX,c)(i) may be the configured UE transmit power insubframe i for serving cell c. P_(SRS_OFFSET,c)(m) may besemi-statically configured by higher layers for m=0 and m=1 for servingcell c. For SRS transmission given trigger type 0 then m=0 and for SRStransmission given trigger type 1 then m=1. M_(SRS,c) may be thebandwidth of the SRS transmission in subframe i for serving cell cexpressed in number of resource blocks. f_(c)(i) may be the currentPUSCH power control adjustment state for serving cell c.P_(O_PUSCH, c)(j) and α_(c)(j) may be parameters as pre-defined in LTEtechnology for subframe i, where j=1. α_(SRS,c) may be the higher layerparameter alpha-SRS configured by higher layers for serving cell 1 c.P_(O_SRS,c)(m) may be a parameter composed of the sum of a componentP_(O_NOMINAL_SRS,c)(m) provided from higher layers for m=0 and 1 and acomponent P_(O_UE_SRS,c)(m) provided by higher layers for m=0 and 1 forserving cell c. For SRS transmission given trigger type 0 then m=0 andfor SRS transmission given trigger type 1 then m=1.

-   -   For serving cell c with frame structure type 2, and not        configured for PUSCH/PUCCH transmission, the current SRS power        control adjustment state may be given by f_(SRS,c)(i) and may be        defined by:        -   f_(SRS,c)(i)=f_(SRS,c)(i−1)+δ_(SRS,c)(i−K_(SRS)) if            accumulation may be enabled, and            f_(SRS,c)(i)=δ_(SRS,c)(i−K_(SRS)) if accumulation may be not            enabled based on higher layer parameter            Accumulation-enabled, where        -   δ_(SRS,c)(i−K_(SRS)) may be a correction value, also            referred to as a SRS TPC command signalled on PDCCH with DCI            format 3B in the most recent subframe i−K_(SRS), where            K_(SRS)≥4.

The UE may be not expected to receive different SRS TPC command valuesfor serving cell c in the same subframe. For serving cell c with framestructure type 2, and not configured for PUSCH/PUCCH transmission, theUE attempts to decode a PDCCH of DCI format 3B with CRC scrambled byhigher layer parameter SRS-TPC-RNTI-r14 in every subframe except when inDRX or where serving cell c may be deactivated. δ_(SRS,c)=0 dB for asubframe where no TPC command in PDCCH with DCI 3B may be decoded forserving cell c or where DRX occurs or i may be not an uplink/specialsubframe in TDD or FDD-TDD and serving cell c frame structure type 2.

In an example, if higher layer parameter fieldTypeFormat3B indicates2-bit TPC command, the δ_(SRS) dB values signalled on PDCCH with DCIformat 3B may be given as a table in FIG. 34A by replacing δ_(PUSCH, c)with δ_(SRS), or if higher layer parameter fieldTypeFormat3B indicates1-bit TPC command δ_(SRS) dB signalled on PDCCH with DCI format 3B maybe given as a table in FIG. 34B by replacing δ_(PUSCH, c) with δ_(SRS).

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters of one or more random accesschannels; initiate a random access procedure for transmitting one ormore random access preambles via the one or more random access channels;transmit the one or more random access preambles via one or more radiobeams; receive a random access response (RAR) during a random accessresponse window; determine a first radio beam in the one or more radiobeams based on an RA-RNTI corresponding to the RAR, wherein the radiobeam is employed for a random access preamble transmission; transmit,via a second radio beam, one or more transport blocks with a firsttransmission power. In an example, the first transmission power mayemploy a ramp-up power value, where the ramp-up power value: is equal tozero if the first radio beam is different from the second radio beam;and is equal to a total power ramp-up from a first transmission to alast transmission of the random access preamble if the preamble istransmitted more than one time via the first radio beam.

According to various embodiments, a device such as, for example, awireless device, off-network wireless device, a base station, and/or thelike, may comprise one or more processors and memory. The memory maystore instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors,cause the device to perform a series of actions. Embodiments of exampleactions are illustrated in the accompanying figures and specification.Features from various embodiments may be combined to create yet furtherembodiments.

FIG. 37 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 3710, a wireless device may receive at leastone radio resource control message comprising one or more configurationparameters of a cell. At 3720, the wireless device may receive a controlorder for transmission of a random access preamble via the cell. At3730, a transmission power based on a pathloss measurement may bedetermined for the random access preamble. When the one or moreconfiguration parameters comprise one or more parameters of a channelstate information reference signal (CSI-RS) for the cell (3732): thepathloss measurement may be based on the CSI-RS and the determination ofthe transmission power may employ a power offset value indicated by theone or more configuration parameters (3736). When the one or moreconfiguration parameters do not comprise CSI-RS parameters for the cell(3732): the pathloss measurement may be based on at least onesynchronization signal; and the determining the transmission power doesnot employ the power offset value (3734). At 3740, the random accesspreamble may be transmitted based on the transmission power.

According to an embodiment, the CSI-RS may be a periodic CSI-RS.According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters of the CSI-RS mayindicate a periodicity of the CSI-RS. According to an embodiment, theone or more parameters of the CSI-RS indicate at least one of one ormore CSI-RS subcarriers of resource elements or a CSI-RS sequence.According to an embodiment, the one or more messages may comprise atleast one of a reference signal power value, a preamble base stationreceived target power, or a configured wireless device transmit powerfor the cell. According to an embodiment, the transmission power may bebased on a sum of a preamble base station received target power and avalue of the pathloss measurement. According to an embodiment, the valueof the pathloss measurement may be based on a reference signal powervalue minus a measured received power value of a reference signal. Whenthe one or more configuration parameters comprise one or more parametersof the CSI-RS for the cell, the reference signal may be the CSI-RS. Whenthe one or more configuration parameters do not comprise CSI-RSparameters for the cell, the reference signal may be at least onesynchronization signal. According to an embodiment, the determination ofthe transmission power may be further based on a reference signal powervalue. According to an embodiment, the transmission power may employ thevalue of the pathloss measurement determined based on a received powerof the CSI-RS. According to an embodiment, when the one or moreconfiguration parameters comprise one or more parameters of the CSI-RS,the transmitting the random access preamble may use at least one randomaccess channel. The one or more messages may indicate: an associationbetween one or more synchronization signals and the CSI-RS; and anassociation between the at least one random access channel and the oneor more synchronization signals. According to an embodiment, the one ormore messages may indicate: one or more synchronization signalsassociated with the CSI-RS; and at least one random access channelassociated with the one or more synchronization signals. The wirelessdevice may transmit the random access preamble via the at least onerandom access channel.

FIG. 38 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 3810, a wireless device may receive one ormore messages. The one or more messages may indicate: one or moreconfiguration parameters of a channel state information reference signal(CSI-RS) of a cell; and a power offset value associated with the CSI-RSof the cell. At 3820, a control order may be received. The control ordermay be for transmission of a random access preamble via the cell. At3830, a transmission power for the random access preamble may bedetermined. In response to the wireless device being configured with theCSI-RS for the cell (3832), the transmission power may be at least basedon the power offset value (3836). The wireless device may transmit therandom access preamble using the transmission power at 3840.

According to an embodiment, the value of the pathloss measurement may bebased on a reference signal power value minus a measured received powervalue of a reference signal. When the one or more configurationparameters comprise one or more parameters of the CSI-RS for the cell,the reference signal may be the CSI-RS. When the one or moreconfiguration parameters do not comprise CSI-RS parameters for the cell,the reference signal may be at least one synchronization signal.According to an embodiment, the transmission power may be based on a sumof a preamble base station received target power and the value of thepathloss measurement. According to an embodiment, the transmission powermay employ a value of the pathloss measurement determined based on areceived power of the CSI-RS. According to an embodiment, thetransmission power for the random access preamble may be determined. Inresponse to the wireless device being not configured with the CSI-RS forthe cell: the pathloss measurement may be based on at least onesynchronization signal; and the determining of the transmission powermay not employ the power offset value. According to an embodiment, theone or more parameters of the CSI-RS may indicate a periodicity of theCSI-RS. According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters of theCSI-RS may indicate at least one of one or more CSI-RS subcarriers ofresource elements or a CSI-RS sequence. According to an embodiment, whenthe one or more configuration parameters comprise one or more parametersof the CSI-RS, the transmitting the random access preamble may use atleast one random access channel. The one or more messages may indicate:an association between one or more synchronization signals and theCSI-RS; and an association between the at least one random accesschannel and the one or more synchronization signals.

FIG. 39 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 3910, a wireless device may receive at leastone radio resource control message. The at least one radio resourcecontrol message may comprise one or more configuration parameters of acell. At 3920, the wireless device may receive a control order fortransmission of a random access preamble via the cell. At 3930,transmission power based on a pathloss measurement may be determined forthe random access preamble. When the one or more configurationparameters comprise one or more parameters of a channel stateinformation reference signal (CSI-RS) for the cell (3932), the pathlossmeasurement may be based on the CSI-RS, and the determination of thetransmission power may employ a power offset value indicated by the oneor more configuration parameters (3936). At 3940, the random accesspreamble may be transmitted based on the transmission power.

According to an embodiment, the CSI-RS may be a periodic CSI-RS.According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters of the CSI-RS mayindicate a periodicity of the CSI-RS. According to an embodiment, theone or more parameters of the CSI-RS may indicate at least one of one ormore CSI-RS subcarriers of resource elements or a CSI-RS sequence.According to an embodiment, the transmission power for the random accesspreamble may be determined. When the one or more configurationparameters do not comprise CSI-RS parameters for the cell: the pathlossmeasurement may be based on at least one synchronization signal; and thedetermination of the transmission power may not employ the power offsetvalue. According to an embodiment, the one or more messages may compriseat least one of a reference signal power value, a preamble base stationreceived target power, or a configured wireless device transmit powerfor the cell. According to an embodiment, the determination of thetransmission power may be further based on a reference signal powervalue. According to an embodiment, the transmission power may employ avalue of the pathloss measurement determined based on a received powerof the CSI-RS. According to an embodiment, the transmission power may bebased on a sum of a preamble base station received target power and thevalue of the pathloss measurement. According to an embodiment, the valueof the pathloss measurement may be based on a reference signal powervalue minus a measured received power value of a reference signal. Whenthe one or more configuration parameters comprise one or more parametersof the CSI-RS for the cell, the reference signal may be the CSI-RS. Whenthe one or more configuration parameters do not comprise CSI-RSparameters for the cell, the reference signal may be at least onesynchronization signal. According to an embodiment, when the one or moreconfiguration parameters comprise one or more parameters of the CSI-RS,the transmitting the random access preamble may use at least one randomaccess channel. The one or more messages may indicate: an associationbetween one or more synchronization signals and the CSI-RS; and anassociation between the at least one random access channel and the oneor more synchronization signals.

FIG. 40 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 4010, a wireless device may receive one ormore messages. The one or more messages may indicate: one or moreconfiguration parameters of a periodic channel state informationreference signal (CSI-RS) of a cell; and a power offset value associatedwith the periodic CSI-RS of the cell. At 4020, a control order fortransmission of a random access preamble may be received via the cell.At 4030, a transmission power for the random access preamble may bedetermined. In response to the wireless device being configured with theperiodic CSI-RS for the cell (4032), the transmission power may be atleast based on the power offset value (4036). At 4040, the wirelessdevice may transmit the random access preamble using the transmissionpower.

According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters of the CSI-RS mayindicate a periodicity of the CSI-RS. According to an embodiment, theone or more parameters of the CSI-RS may indicate at least one of one ormore CSI-RS subcarriers of resource elements or a CSI-RS sequence.According to an embodiment, the transmission power may employ a value ofa pathloss measurement determined based on a received power of theCSI-RS. According to an embodiment, the value of the pathlossmeasurement may be based on a reference signal power value minus ameasured received power value of a reference signal. When the one ormore configuration parameters comprise one or more parameters of theCSI-RS for the cell, the reference signal may be the CSI-RS. When theone or more configuration parameters do not comprise CSI-RS parametersfor the cell, the reference signal may be at least one synchronizationsignal.

According to an embodiment, further comprising the transmission powerfor the random access preamble may be determined. In response to thewireless device being not configured with the periodic CSI-RS for thecell, the transmission power may not employ the power offset value.According to an embodiment, the one or more messages may comprise atleast one of a reference signal power value, a preamble base stationreceived target power, or a configured wireless device transmit powerfor the cell. According to an embodiment, the determination of thetransmission power may be further based on a reference signal powervalue. According to an embodiment, when the one or more configurationparameters comprise one or more parameters of the CSI-RS, thetransmitting the random access preamble may use at least one randomaccess channel. The one or more messages may indicate: an associationbetween one or more synchronization signals and the CSI-RS; and anassociation between the at least one random access channel and the oneor more synchronization signals.

FIG. 41 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 410, a transmission power for a random accesspreamble may be determined based on a pathloss measurement. Thetransmission power may employ: a power offset value (4114) in responseto the pathloss measurement being based on a CSI-RS (4112), and no poweroffset value (4118) in response to the pathloss measurement being basedon at least one synchronization signal (4116). At 4120, the randomaccess preamble may be transmitted based on the transmission power.

According to an embodiment, the CSI-RS may be a periodic CSI-RS.According to an embodiment, the wireless device may further receive oneor more messages. The one or more messages may indicate: one or moreconfiguration parameters of the CSI-RS; and a power offset valueassociated with the periodic CSI-RS of the cell. According to anembodiment, the one or more parameters of the CSI-RS may indicate atleast one of one or more CSI-RS subcarriers of resource elements or aCSI-RS sequence. According to an embodiment, the determination of thetransmission power may be further based on a reference signal powervalue. According to an embodiment, the transmission power may employ avalue of the pathloss measurement based on: a received power of theCSI-RS in response to the pathloss measurement being based on theCSI-RS; and a received power of the at least one synchronization signalin response to the pathloss measurement being based on the at least onesynchronization signal.

According to an embodiment, the one or more messages may furthercomprise at least one of a reference signal power value, a preamble basestation received target power, or a configured wireless device transmitpower for the cell. According to an embodiment, the transmission powermay be based on a sum of a preamble base station received target powerand a value of the pathloss measurement. According to an embodiment, thevalue of the pathloss measurement may be based on a reference signalpower value minus a measured received power value of a reference signal.When the one or more configuration parameters comprise one or moreparameters of the CSI-RS for the cell, reference signal may be theCSI-RS. When the one or more configuration parameters do not compriseCSI-RS parameters for the cell, the reference signal may b e at leastone synchronization signal.

FIG. 42 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 4210, a wireless device may receive from abase station, one or more messages. The one or more messages maycomprise configuration parameters of a plurality of random accesschannels for one or more beams of a cell. At 4220, the wireless devicemay initiate a random access procedure for parallel transmissions of aplurality of random access preambles via the plurality of random accesschannels for the one or more beams. At 4230, a plurality of transmissionpowers corresponding to the parallel transmissions of the plurality ofthe random access preambles may be determined. At 4250, at least one ofthe parallel transmissions may be dropped if a first calculated transmitpower comprising the plurality of transmission powers exceeds a firstvalue at 4240. At 4260, the wireless device may transmit at least one ofthe plurality of the random access preambles via at least one of theplurality of the random access channels.

According to an embodiment, the first calculated transmit power maycomprise a sum of the plurality of transmission powers. According to anembodiment, a second calculated transmit power may be determined for atransmission of the at least one of the plurality of the random accesspreambles. The second calculated transmit power may be smaller than orequal to the first value. According to an embodiment, the first valuemay be a maximum allowable transmission power of the wireless device viathe cell. According to an embodiment, the dropping may be based onpriorities of one or more beams of the cell. The priorities of the oneor more beams of the cell may be based on a plurality of pathloss valuesof the one or more beams. According to an embodiment, the wirelessdevice may measure the plurality of pathloss values of the one or morebeams based on received powers of one or more synchronization signals.According to an embodiment, the wireless device may measure theplurality of pathloss values of the one or more beams based on receivedpowers of one or more channel state information reference signals.According to an embodiment, one or more pathloss values for the paralleltransmissions of the plurality of random access preambles may bemeasured. The wireless device may employ the one or more pathloss valuesfor the determining the plurality of transmission powers. According toan embodiment, a first transmission of a first random access preamblemay have a lower priority than a second transmission of a second randomaccess preamble if a first pathloss value corresponding to the firsttransmission is larger than a second pathloss value corresponding to thesecond transmission. According to an embodiment, a first transmission ofa first random access preamble may have a lower priority than a secondtransmission of a second random access preamble if a first transmissionpower corresponding to the first transmission is larger than a secondtransmission power corresponding to the second transmission. Accordingto an embodiment, at least one of the plurality of transmission powersmay comprise at least one of a pathloss value, a ramp-up value, and/oran offset value. The offset value may depend on a number of theplurality of random access preambles.

FIG. 43 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 4310, a wireless device may receive from abase station, one or more messages. The one or more messages maycomprise configuration parameters of a plurality of random accesschannels. At 4320, a plurality of random access preambles may betransmitted via the one or more random access channels. At 4330, acontrol channel for a random access response corresponding to theplurality of random access preambles may be monitored during a randomaccess response (RAR) window. A first counter may be incremented by oneat 4340 in response to: receiving no RAR during the RAR window at 4332;or none of received RARs comprising at least one of one or more randomaccess preamble identifiers correspond the plurality of random accesspreambles at 4334. At 4350, the random access preamble transmissionpower may be determined employing the first counter. At 4360, theplurality of random access preamble may be transmitted via the one ormore random access channels employing the random access preambletransmission power.

FIG. 44 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 4410, a wireless device may receive from abase station, one or more messages. The one or more messages maycomprise configuration parameters of at least one random access channel.At 4420, one or more random access preambles with one or more radiobeams may be transmitted via the at least one random access channel. At4430, a random access response (RAR) associated with a first radio beammay be detected based on a random access identifier corresponding to atleast one of the one or more random access preambles during a randomaccess response window. At 4440, a second radio beam in the one or moreradio beams may be determined based on the random access identifier. At4450, one or more transport blocks with a first transmission power maybe transmitted via the first radio beam. The first transmission powermay employ a ramp-up power value. The ramp-up power value may be isequal to zero at 4454 if the first radio beam is different from thesecond radio beam at 4452. The ramp-up power value may be equal to atotal power ramp-up from a first transmission to a last transmission ofthe random access preamble at 4458 if the preamble is transmitted morethan one time via the second radio beam at 4456.

In this specification, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to beinterpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” In this specification,the term “may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.” In otherwords, the term “may” is indicative that the phrase following the term“may” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities thatmay, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, A iscalled a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets andsubsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B={cell1,cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}.

In this specification, parameters (Information elements: IEs) maycomprise one or more objects, and each of those objects may comprise oneor more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE) N comprisesparameter (IE) M, and parameter (IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, andparameter (IE) K comprises parameter (information element) J, then, forexample, N comprises K, and N comprises J. In an example embodiment,when one or more messages comprise a plurality of parameters, it impliesthat a parameter in the plurality of parameters is in at least one ofthe one or more messages, but does not have to be in each of the one ormore messages.

Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may beimplemented as modules. A module is defined here as an isolatableelement that performs a defined function and has a defined interface toother elements. The modules described in this disclosure may beimplemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware,firmware, wetware (i.e hardware with a biological element) or acombination thereof, all of which are behaviorally equivalent. Forexample, modules may be implemented as a software routine written in acomputer language configured to be executed by a hardware machine (suchas C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab or the like) or amodeling/simulation program such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, orLabVIEWMathScript. Additionally, it may be possible to implement modulesusing physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmableanalog, digital and/or quantum hardware. Examples of programmablehardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors,application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs).Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmed usinglanguages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDsare often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL) such asVHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog that configureconnections between internal hardware modules with lesser functionalityon a programmable device. Finally, it needs to be emphasized that theabove mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achievethe result of a functional module.

The disclosure of this patent document incorporates material which issubject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection tothe facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or thepatent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Officepatent file or records, for the limited purposes required by law, butotherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example, and notlimitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevantart(s) that various changes in form and detail can be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope. In fact, after reading theabove description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevantart(s) how to implement alternative embodiments. Thus, the presentembodiments should not be limited by any of the above describedexemplary embodiments. In particular, it should be noted that, forexample purposes, the above explanation has focused on the example(s)using FDD communication systems. However, one skilled in the art willrecognize that embodiments of the invention may also be implemented in asystem comprising one or more TDD cells (e.g. frame structure 2 and/orframe structure 3-licensed assisted access). The disclosed methods andsystems may be implemented in wireless or wireline systems. The featuresof various embodiments presented in this invention may be combined. Oneor many features (method or system) of one embodiment may be implementedin other embodiments. Only a limited number of example combinations areshown to indicate to one skilled in the art the possibility of featuresthat may be combined in various embodiments to create enhancedtransmission and reception systems and methods.

In addition, it should be understood that any figures which highlightthe functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposesonly. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible andconfigurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than thatshown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may bere-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

Further, the purpose of the Abstract of the Disclosure is to enable theU.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, andespecially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the art whoare not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determinequickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of thetechnical disclosure of the application. The Abstract of the Disclosureis not intended to be limiting as to the scope in any way.

Finally, it is the applicant's intent that only claims that include theexpress language “means for” or “step for” be interpreted under 35U.S.C. 112. Claims that do not expressly include the phrase “means for”or “step for” are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of a wireless device in a wirelesscommunication system, the method comprising: receiving a synchronizationsignals and physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block; receiving acontrol order for transmission of a preamble in a random accessprocedure; determining a transmission power for the preamble based on: apower offset value based on a transmission power of a channel stateinformation reference signal (CSI-RS) relative to a transmission powerof the SS/PBCH block, in case that the wireless device is configuredwith the CSI-RS, and a transmission power of the SS/PBCH block and notbased on a power offset value, in case that the wireless device is notconfigured with CSI-RS; and transmitting the preamble based on thetransmission power for the preamble.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe CSI-RS is a periodic CSI-RS.
 3. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising receiving one or more configuration parameters indicating thepower offset value.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprisingreceiving one or more configuration parameters indicating at least oneof one or more CSI-RS subcarriers of resource elements or a CSI-RSsequence.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving one ormore configuration parameters indicating at least one of a referencesignal power value, a preamble base station received target power, or aconfigured wireless device transmit power for a cell.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the transmission power for the preamble is based on asum of a preamble base station received target power and a value of apathloss measurement.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the value of thepathloss measurement is based on a reference signal power value and ameasured received power value of a reference signal.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, wherein: the reference signal is the CSI-RS in response to thewireless device configured with the CSI-RS; and the reference signal isat least one synchronization signal in response to the wireless devicenot configured with CSI-RS.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein thetransmission power for the preamble employs the value of a pathlossmeasurement determined based on a received power value of the CSI-RS.10. The method of claim 1, further comprising at least one radioresource control message indicating, in response to the wireless deviceconfigured with the CSI-RS: at least one random access channel used fortransmitting the preamble; a first association between one or moresynchronization signals and the CSI-RS; and a second association betweenthe at least one random access channel and the one or moresynchronization signals.
 11. A method of a wireless device in a wirelesscommunication system, the method comprising: receiving, a referencesignal power value of a synchronization signals and physical broadcastchannel (SS/PBCH) block; receiving a control order for transmission of apreamble in a random access procedure; determining a transmission powerfor the preamble based on: a power offset value based on a transmissionpower of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), relativeto a transmission power of the SS/PBCH block in case that the wirelessdevice is configured with the CSI-RS, and a transmission power of theSS/PBCH block and not based on a power offset value, in case that thewireless device is not being configured with the CSI-RS; andtransmitting the preamble based on the transmission power for thepreamble.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the CSI-RS is a periodicCSI-RS.
 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving one ormore configuration parameters indicating a periodicity of the CSI-RS.14. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating at least one of one or more CSI-RSsubcarriers of resource elements or a CSI-RS sequence.
 15. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising receiving one or more configurationparameters indicating at least one of a reference signal power value, apreamble base station received target power, or a configured wirelessdevice transmit power for a cell.
 16. The method of claim 11, whereinthe transmission power for the preamble is based on a sum of a preamblebase station received target power and a value of a pathlossmeasurement.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the value of thepathloss measurement is based on the reference signal power value and ameasured received power value of a reference signal.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, wherein: the reference signal is the CSI-RS in response to thewireless device configured with the CSI-RS; and the reference signal isat least one synchronization signal in response to the wireless devicenot configured with CSI-RS.
 19. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising at least one radio resource control message indicating, inresponse to the wireless device configured with the CSI-RS: at least onerandom access channel used for transmitting the preamble; a firstassociation between one or more synchronization signals and the CSI-RS;and a second association between the at least one random access channeland the one or more synchronization signals.